Nelson-Rolihlahla-Mandela-曼德拉介绍

AGiantPassesFullname:NelsonRolihlahlaMandelaBirthplace:Umtata,Transkei,SouthAfricaBorn:18July1918Occupation：thepresentofSouthAfricaEducation:AttendedUniversityCollegeofFortHareandWitwatersrandUniversity;UniversityofSouthAfrica,lawdegree,1942.Mainachievements：thewinnerofNobelPeacePrizeRepresentativeworks:LongWalktoFreedom;TheStruggleIsMyLife;PartofMySoulWentwithHimNelsonRolihlahlaMandela3BackgroundInformationApartheidinSouthAfricaRacialsegregationbeganincolonialtimesunderDutchrulesystemofracialsegregationinSouthAfrica,enforcedthroughlegislationbytheNationalParty(NP)governmentsfourracialgroups,black,white,“coloredandIndian“ApartheidsparkedsignificantinternalresistanceandviolenceExperienceLawyer,politicalactivist,JoinedAfricanNationalCongress,1944,From1952to1956inJohannesburgasapracticinglawyer.MandelahasheldnumerouspositionsintheAfricanNationalCongressYouthLeague.ANCYLsecretary(1948);ANCYLpresident(1950);ANCTransvaalpresident,deputynationalpresident(1952)helpedtodraftANC'sFreedomCharter,1955.AppointedhonorarysecretaryoftheAll-AfricanNationalActionCouncil,1961;In1961,heledastrike,protestandboycottWhiteRacistestablishedtheRepublicofSouthafrica;June,In1961MandelacreatedtheANCmilitaryorganization“,“spear(矛ofthenation,heservedascommanderinchief.In1962August,Mandelawasarrested,whenhewasonly43yearsold,convictedoffomentandcrimeofillegalbordercrossing,sentencedhimto5yearsinprison.In1964June,hewaschargedwithattemptedtoviolentlyoverthrowthegovernment,commutedtolifeimprisonment.InFebruary11,1990,underdomesticandinternationalpublicopinionpressure,theSouthAfricanauthorities,wasforcedtoannouncetheunconditionalreleaseofMandela.1991Julywaselectedaschairman.In1994theANCinSouthAfrica'sfirstnon-racialelections,MandelabecamethefirstblackpresidentinSouthAfrica.In1997December,MandelaresignedfromtheANC,saidthatnolongerparticipateinlaterpresidentialcampaign.AwardsJawaharlalNehruAwardforInternationalUnderstandingfromthegovernmentofIndia,1980;BrunoKreiskyPrizeforHumanRightsfromthegovernmentofAustria,1981;namedanhonorarycitizenofRome,1983;SimonBolivarInternationalPrizefromUNESCO,1983;W.E.B.DuBoisMedal,1986;NobelPeacePrize,1987;LibertyMedal,1987;SakharovPrize,1988;GaddaffHumanRightsPrize,1989;HouphouetPrize,1991;NobelPeacePrize,1993;Numerousinternationalhonorarydegrees,includinghonorarydoctoratedegree,OpenUniversity,CapeTown,2004;Honorarydegree,AmherstCollege,NewYork,2005.FamilyMandela'sex-wife--WinniethelastwifeofMandelaMandelaandhisdaughter20others22WhenIwalkedoutoftheprisoncelltowardsthedoorleadingtofreedom,Ihavemadeitclearhisownpainandresentmentifnotabletostaybehind,soinfactIstillinprison.当我走出囚室迈向通往自由的大门时，我已经清楚，自己若不能把痛苦与怨恨留在身后，那么其实我仍在狱中。tobefreeisnotmerelytocastoffone'schains,buttoliveinawaythatrespectsandenhancesthefreedomofothers.自由不仅仅意味着摆脱自身的枷锁，还意味着以一种尊重并增加他人自由的方式生活。Therecanbenokeenerrevelationofasociety'ssoulthanthewayinwhichittreatsitschildren.知晓一个社会的灵魂，就看这个社会对待小孩的方式，除此以外，没有更好的办法。FamousRemarkbyMandela23Ilearnedthatcouragewasnottheabsenceoffear,butthetriumphoverit.Thebravemanisnothewhodoesnotfeelafraid,buthewhoconquersthatfear.我懂得了，勇气不是没有恐惧，而是战胜恐惧。勇者不是感觉不到害怕的人，而是克服自身恐惧的人。Ifyouwanttomakepeacewithyourenemy,youhavetoworkwithyourenemy.Thenhebecomesyourpartner.若想与敌和平共处，就要与敌并肩作战。敌亦将为友。Ourgreatestfearisnotfromourlackof,butbecausewehaveextraordinarystrength.Letusoftenthreatenednotourweaknesses,butourstrengths.我们最大的恐惧不是来自于我们的不足，而是因为我们超常的强大。通常让我们受到威胁的不是我们的弱点，而是我们的长处。2425TributesinQuotes“Hisstruggleisyourstruggle.Histriumphwasyourtriumph.Yourdignityandhopefoundexpressioninhislife,andyourfreedom,yourdemocracyishischerishedlegacy.”-----PresidentObama“Todaytheworldhaslostoneofitsmostimportantleadersandoneofitsfinesthumanbeings.HistorywillrememberNelsonMandelaasachampionforhumandignityandfreedom,forpeaceandreconciliation.”-----BillClinton“WhatIwillremembermostaboutMr.Mandelaisthathewasamanwhoseheart,soul,andspiritcouldnotbecontainedorrestrainedbyracialandeconomicinjustices,metalbars,ortheburdenofhateandrevenge.Hetaughtusforgivenessonagrandscale.-----MuhammadAliThat’sall…Thankyou=vsogou