国际音标InternationalPhoneticSymbols人体发音器官国际音标分类元音20发音是声带振动,气流在通道上不受发音器官阻碍的音素。元音有单元音12,双元音8两大类。单元音又分短元音和长元音,[:]是长音符号,发单元音时,发音器官固定在一个部位上;发双元音时,发音器官由一个部位向另一个部位滑动。辅音28发音时气流在通道上受到发音器官阻碍而发出的音素。其中声带振动的为浊辅音,声带不振动的为清辅音。辅音按发音方法又可以分为爆破音,摩擦音,破擦音,鼻音,舌边音和半元音。元音Vowel(20个)•前元音/i://ɪ//e//æ/•中元音/ʌ//ɜ://ə/•后元音/ɑ://ɔ://ɒ//U://ʊ/•双元音/eɪ//aʊ//aɪ//əʊ//ɔɪ//ɪə//eə//ʊə/[i:]•嘴唇微微张开,舌尖抵下齿,嘴角向两边张开,露出微笑的表情,与字母E的发音相同•发音字母:eeeaeieei(eoeyi)•threetreemeet•eattealeadteacherspeakcleanplease•hesheme•piecereceiveceiling[i]嘴唇微微张开,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,嘴形扁平。发音字母iyeuiuaeeayeysitpicturelistsixpigbuildmythmanytwentyhappydefectdecidedeliciouspeep偷看volleyballSaturday[e]•舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬起,舌位比[I]低•双唇向两边张开成扁平型•唇型中长,牙床开得比[I]宽,上下齿间隔一个食指•字母组合eaeaeoie•headbreadpleasure•betterbeddeskhotelyes•manyany•jeopardize危及•friend[æ]舌尖抵下齿舌位比[e]低或最低双唇向两边张开,成扁平型,牙床张开至上下齿之间,可容纳食指和中指的宽度发音字母ahandandhappymapblackbackgladmanapple[ʌ]•舌中部稍微向上抬起,舌尖轻抵下齿。在中元音里舌位最低•双唇向两边旁伸成扁平型•发音字母uoouoo•upsupperlunchfungunhuntcupbus•comemotherdosebrotherloveabove•troubleroughflourish•bloodflood[a:]舌尖处于下齿以下部位,舌身平放后缩口张大发音字母aalaraarauaughdancegrassfastcalmpalm手掌startlargeyardfarmbazaar集市auntlaugh[ɔ:][ɔ]([ɒ])[ɔ:]舌身降低并后缩,舌后部用力抬起,舌位比[ɔ]高口张大,双唇向前突出,比[ɔ]收得更圆,更小发音字母aalorauourarwatersmalltalkballwalkshortmorelordhorseforsportdoorauthorcaughtautumnfourcourtwarmquarrelquarter[ɔ]([ɒ])舌身降低并后缩,舌后部抬起口张大,双唇收圆发音字母oaowhotlostlotfoxboxsonglosscollarnotpot锅dogwantwashwatchwhatacknowledge承认[u][u:][u]舌身后缩,舌后部向软腭抬起双唇收圆,略向前突出发音字母ooouluolookgoodfootbookwoodshouldcouldputfullpullpushwomanwolf[u:]身后缩,舌后部向软腭抬起,舌位比[u]更高双唇比[u]收得更圆更突出字母组合ooououueuioefoodmoonroomdoomdowhoruleJunegroupsoupthroughtruebluefruitshoe[ə:][ə][ə:]嘴形扁平,上下齿微开,舌身平放,舌中部稍稍抬高字母组合irurearerorgirlshirtthirtybirdturnmurdernurseturtleThursdaylearnearnearthheardtermherserveworkworldword[ə]嘴唇微微张开,舌身放平,舌中部微微抬起,口腔自然放松发声字母组合aeouarhusbandChinainnocent无罪的uponsugar[ei][ai]•[ei]由[e]和[i]两个单音组成,[e]重读,[i]轻读,口形由半开到合,字母A就发这个音•发音字母aaiayeaeighey•wastelate•mail•playMay•greatbreak•eight•they•[ai]由[a]和[i]两个单音组成,[a]重读,[i]轻读,口形由开到合,与字母I的发音相同•发音字母iieighyeigheieye•bikefindpieuntie•nightlight•trycryfly•height•neither•eye[uə][əu][uə]由[u]和[ə]两个单音组成,[u]重读,[ə]轻读,双唇由收圆到半开字母组合uuaureoorourpluralactuallysurepoortour[əu]由[ə]和[u]两个单音组成,[ə]重读,[u]轻读,口形由半开到小,与字母O的发音相同字母组合ougheauooeouowalthoughburea局phonecoldcoatboattoehoe锄头soulgrowbowl[iə][eə]•[iə]由[i]和[ə]两个单音组成,[i]重读,[ə]轻读,双唇始终半开•字母组合eeaeareerereiou•zero•ideadear•deerbeer•adhere•serious•[eə]由[e]和[ə]两个单音组成,[e]重读,[ə]轻读,舌端抵下齿,双唇半开•字母组合airareayerayorereeir•hairfair•care•prayermayor•wherethere•their[au][au]由[a]和[u]两个单音组成,[a]重读,[u]轻读,口型由大到小字母组合ouowcowclownflowerproudhouseouthour辅音Consonant(28个)轻辅音(声带不振动)/p//t//k//f//θ//s//h//ʃ//tʃ//ts//tr/浊辅音(声带振动)/b//d//g//m//n//ŋ//ǀ//v//ð//z//ʒ//r//dʒ//dz//dr//w//j/爆破音/p//b//t//d//k//g/摩擦音/f//v//s//z//θ//ð//ʃ//ʒ//h//r/鼻音/m//n//ŋ/破擦音/tʃ//dʒ//ts//dz//tr//dr/舌边音/ǀ/半元音/w//j/[p][b][p]双唇紧闭,然后快速张开,让气流冲出口腔,发出爆破音,但声带不振动potpotatopigpostpossible[b]双唇紧闭,然后快速张开,让气流冲出口腔,发出爆破音,但声带需振动ballbackbananabagbabybad[t][d]•[t]舌尖抵上齿龈,憋住气,然后突然弹开舌尖,让气流从口腔喷出,但声带不振动•发音字母tttbted•telltall•littlebottle•debt•workedwashed•[d]舌尖抵上齿龈,憋住气,然后弹开舌尖,让气流从口腔中喷出,但声带需振动•发音字母ddd•leaddatelendfriend•daddyadd课堂拓展-ed的发音规则浊辅音和元音后读/d/:called,named,played,answered...清辅音后读/t/:stopped,looked,washed,asked...d和t后读/id/:wanted,started,added...[k][ɡ]•[k]舌后部抵住软腭,憋住气,然后突然间离开,将气送出来,像咳嗽一样,但声带不震动•发音字母cccchckkqquque•capcutaccompany陪伴•chemistryacheluck•makecooklake•Iraq伊拉克liquor酒•Clique集团•[ɡ]舌后部抵住软腭,憋住气,然后突然间离开,将气送出来,但声带需振动•发音字母gggghgugue•gogetdog•beggingbaggage•ghost•guessguide•league团colleague同事[f][v]•[f]上齿轻轻接触下唇,然后吹气,让气流从唇齿间通过,形成摩擦,但声带不振动•字母组合fffghph•fivefine•affectafforddifficult•laughenough•phonealphabet•[v]上齿轻轻接触下唇,然后吹气,让气流从唇齿间通过,形成摩擦,但声带需振动•字母组合phv•nephew•visitveryvote[s][z][s]双唇微微张开,舌头自然放松,气流从上下齿隙间送出,但声带不振动字母组合cpssscssdanceicePsychological心理学的smallsleepmusclescenemisslessgrass[z]双唇微微张开,舌头自然放松,气流从上下齿隙间送出,但声带需振动字母组合szxsesszzhusbandbusylazyanxietypleasepossesspuzzlepizza[θ][ð][θ]舌尖微微伸出,上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖,送气,但声带不振动发音字母ththankmouthmonthteeththreethinkbirth[ð]上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖,送气,但声带需振动发音字母ththusthisthemfatherthanthose[ʃ][ʒ][ʃ]双唇收圆并稍微突出,舌尖接近上齿龈,送气,声带不振动sharp[ʃɑːp]she[ʃiː]shoe[ʃuː][ʒ]双唇收圆并稍微突出,舌头稍微上卷,舌尖接近上齿龈,送气,但声带需振动measure['meʒə]Television['telɪvɪʒ(ə)n]pleasure['pleʒə][h][h]嘴唇自然张开,自然呵气,声带不振动字母组合hwhheadhatehotherowhowhosewhole[r][r]舌尖向上卷起,处于上齿龈后部和硬腭之间,气流由舌端,舌尖,上齿龈上部形成的窄缝中泻出,双唇稍微突出,声带振动字母组合rrhrrwrreadredrivergrassrhythm节奏arrivetomorrowwrite[m][m]双唇紧闭,舌头平放,气流从鼻腔送出,声带振动字母组合mmblmmmmnmymakecomb梳子calmcomment评论solemn庄严的[n][ŋ]•[n]双唇微开,舌尖抵上齿龈,气流从鼻孔里出来所产生的声音是从鼻腔前部发出。声带振动•字母组合nnngnknpn•handskinmew•annoy•assign指派•knowknit编制•Pneumonia[njuː'məʊnɪə]肺炎•[ŋ]双唇张开,舌的后部抬起,软腭下垂,气流从鼻孔里出来所产生的声音是从鼻腔后部发出。声带振动•字母组合nng•linkpinkbank•springwingmeaningyoungnothing[tʃ][dʒ][tʃ]舌尖抬起,先抵住上齿龈后部,然后突然松开靠近硬腭发音时,卷起舌头,嘴角向两边拉开呈现扁形。声带不振动字母组合ttchchcreaturenatureactuallywatchcatchmatchChinachange[dʒ]舌尖抬起,先抵住上齿龈后部,然后突然松开靠近硬腭发音时,卷起舌头,嘴角向两边拉开呈现扁形。声带振动字母组合jgedgedidjdurejuicejoinageorangeexaggerate夸张judgesoldiera