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1.Translate1)intoChinese(1)专业的历史工作者(2)基于常识的反应(3)事物的这种状况(4)意见不一的历史学家(5)已经准备好了的现成的东西(6)一个个人喜好不同的问题(7)截然不同的观点(8)民间故事(9)书面文件(10)过去的遗留物(11)人的动机和行为(12)复杂和精细(13)商船(14)一旦发生潜艇战(15)一个粗糙的理论(16)好战的行为；战争行为(17)宣传机器(18)德国外交部长(19)实力平衡(20)（事物的）因果(21)海岸炮兵(22)终极关怀(23)（事物的）近因(24)人们常说的一句话(25)不会出错的解释(26)绝对有效的模式(27)永不停止的探索(28)一个难以达到但又十分诱人的目标2）intoEnglish(1)togainnewinsights(2)toreviseone’sideas(3)totracethecause(4)tobeginfromthispremise(5)toopenfireon/at(6)togiveequalweighttosth(7)tosupportacertainview(8)toinfluencethegovernment(9)todestroythebalanceofpower(10)toformanalliance(11)torepaytheloans(12)tocontemplatewar(13)tofillinthegaps(14)toconcludethequest(15)toviewsthfromacertainperspective(16)tobenefitfromthecomparison(17)toeliminatefromthecomparison(18)todigintotheproblem(19)tobeimmersedinavastsea(20)tostemfromadifferentpointofview(21)tobedestinedtodosth(22)toignorethefact(23)tomakeanassumption(24)todefeattheenemy(25)towinbackone’slostterritory(26)tosinkaboat(27)tointerceptthesecretmessage(28)topiecetogetherevidence(29)toapproximatethetruth(30)tomasternewtechniques2.Givesynonymsandantonymsofthefollowing.1)synonyms(1)elusive:puzzling,baffling(2)intriguing:fascinating(3)evident:clear,plain,obvious,noticeable(4)ultimate:final,last(5)torevise:tocorrect,tochange,toalter,tomodify,torewrite(6)toprobe:todiginto,toinvestigate,tolookinto(7)belligerent:warlike,warring,aggressive,hostile(8)inadditionto:besides,apartfrom,plus(9)intheeventof:inthecaseof,shouldsthoccur(10)nonetheless:nevertheless,inspiteofthat,justthesame(11)toconclude(thequest):toend(thesearch/probing)(12)todenote:toreferto(13)persuasively:convincingly(14)moreorless:onthewhole,generallyspeaking(15)moreover:inaddition,besides,apartfromthat,what’smore(16)bywayof:through2)antonyms(1)tobefaulted:tobepraised(2)exhilarating:depressing(3)unquestioned:doubtful(4)validity:unsoundness,weakness(5)premise:conclusion(6)motivation:effect(7)proportionate:disproportionate(8)pro-British:anti-British(9)totakeintoaccount:toignore(10)crude(theory):awell-developed(theory),asophisticated(theory)(11)confused:clear,clear-minded(12)professional:non-professional,amateurish3.Replacethewordsinboldtypewithwordsandphrasesyouknowthatconveymoreorlessthesamemeaning.1)simple/primitive;told;thick2)pondering/thinkingabout;future/fate;insignificant3)completely/entirely;different/opposite4)consider/regard;lookat;angles/pointsofview5)knowsverywell;growing/increasing;complaints6)besides/apartfrom;easy;inthecaseof/ifthereis7)purposelypaidnoattentionto8)generally/onthewhole;however/but;comefrom/originatefrom9)absolutelyreliable;wipeout/getridof;boundto4.Translate1)Thecauseoftheaircraftcrashissofarunknown.2)Thecauseofglobalwarmingisstillhotlydebatedamongscientists.3)Hedevotedallhislifetothecauseofenvironmentalprotection.4)Theriverhascausedusalotoftroubleinhistory.5)Whatdoyouthinkcausedtheupsurgeininternationalterrorism?6)Wemusttryandunitewiththosewhohaveopposedus.7)Thereisalwaysoppositiontoanyprogressandreform.8)Somepeoplearealwaysopposedtonewthings.9)Alotofthoseloanswereneverrepaid.Thathighratioofbaddebtsfinallyledtothefinancialcrisisinthissecondeconomicpowerintheworld.10)TheBusinessBanknowoffersaspecialloantostudentswhocan’tpayfortheireducation.11)TheboyaskedMrs.Stowfortheloanofherbinoculars.12)Sheconcludedherspeechbysayingthatshehopedshecouldcomeagainsomedayandseemoreofthecountry.13)Assoonastheyconcludedtheinvestigation,theyweretoreporttotheSecurityCouncil.14)Duringhisvisit,hewillconcludeanewtradeagreementwithIndia.15)Basedonthosereasonabledoubts,thejuryhadtoconcludethattheboywasnotguilty.16)SheisflyingtoNewYorkbywayofTokyo.17)I’dliketosayafewwordsaboutthesituationinthesixtiesofthelastcenturybywayofanintroductiontothemovie.18)Theydecidedtorecalltheirambassadorbywayofprotest.5.Putthemostappropriatewordsintheblanks.1)while/although;to2)over/about;with3)to;in4)ledto/resultedin/caused5)with;lends/gives/brings6)from;in7)asto;of8)intheevenof;survive9)to;to;study10)out;in11)in;weight/priority12)denote;of13)immersed/buried;moreorless14)rather;themore15)at;stemsfrom/comesfrom/originatesfrom/resultsfrom16)base;filledin