5t电动单梁桥式起重机的设计

I5吨电动单梁桥式起重机的设计5-tonelectricsinglegirderoverheadcranedesign学院：机械工程学院专业班级：机自0602学号：060101037学生姓名：邵帅指导教师：台立钢（讲师）2010年6月28日密级：内部II摘要随着经济建设的迅速发展，我国的基础建设力度正逐渐加大，道路交通，机场，港口，水利水电，市政建设等基础设施的建设规模也越来越大，市场桥式起重机的需求也随之增加。起重机是工矿企业、车站码头、实现搬运机械化、自动化，提高劳动生产效率的重要设备。它是以间歇、重复工作方式，通过取物装置的起升、下降与运移来实现物料搬运的设备。国内起重机多已采用计算机优化设计,以此提高整机的技术性能和减轻自重,并在此前提下尽量采用新结构。电动单梁起重机主要由桥架、电动葫芦、大车运行机构、电气备四大部分成。桥架部分主要由主梁、横梁、小车导电支架、操纵室以及其他辅件组成。主梁主要采用钢板拼接成U型，再与工字钢组焊成箱型实腹梁，并按照标准预制出相应的拱度；横梁是采用钢板焊接成箱型，在箱型梁上镗孔以安装车轮组；在主梁和横梁之间采用连接板形式，并用螺栓联结而成为一体。本文通过对5吨电动单梁桥式起重起的整体研究，和校核计算，进一步进行主梁的设计，大车运行机构的设计，端梁的设计等，最后用CAD绘制成图。关键词：5吨电动单梁桥式起重机；主梁设计；大车运行机构；端梁设计IIIAbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentofeconomicconstruction,China'sinfrastructureisgraduallyincreasetheintensity,roadtraffic,airports,ports,waterconservancyandhydropower,municipalconstructionofinfrastructuresuchasthescaleofconstructionisalsogrowing,cranemarketdemandwiththeincrease.Craneistheminingindustryandthestationterminaltoachieveremovalofmechanizationandautomationtoimprovelaborproductivityvitalequipment.Itisintermittent,repetitivework,throughextractsfromthedeviceup,downandtransporttoachievematerialhandlingequipment.Chinahasusedcomputeroptimizedmulti-cranedesign,thusimprovingthemachine'stechnicalperformanceandreduceweight,andinthiscontextasfaraspossiblethenewstructure.Bridgeismainlycomposedofgirderbeams,car,conductivestents,controlroomandotherauxiliaryparts.MainlyUSESthesteelplategirderu-shaped,thenbecomesrealchoicesandcompoundtypecrate,accordingtostandardandabdominalbeamprefabricatedcorrespondingarch,Usingsteelweldingbeamisinthebox,typeacrateofbeamtoinstallwheel,boring,Inbetweengirderandbeams,andbyconnectingplateformsloosenessandbecomeone.Basedontheoverallstudyof5-tonelectricsinglegirderoverheadcrane,checkcalculationisgiven,thedesignofmainbeam,endbeamandcartsrunningmechanism,ismadefurther,andfinallythedrawingsareoutputwithCAD.Keywords:5-tonelectricsinglegirderoverheadcrane；designofthemainbeam；designofcartsrunningmechanism；endbeamdesignI目录摘要...................................................................................................................................IIAbstract....................................................................................................................................III第一章绪论..............................................................................................................................11.1起重的工作特点及在国民经济中的地位................................................................11.2国内起重机发展趋势................................................................................................21.2.1改进起重机械的结构,减轻自重.....................................................................21.2.2充分吸收利用国外先进技术...........................................................................21.2.3向大型化发展...................................................................................................31.3国外起重发展趋势....................................................................................................31.3.1简化设备结构,减轻自重,降低生产成...........................................................31.3.2更新零部件,提高整机性能.............................................................................41.3.3设备大型化.......................................................................................................41.3.4机械化运输系统的组合应用...........................................................................4第二章5吨电动单梁桥式起重机的工作级别.......................................................................52.1起重机利用等级........................................................................................................52.2起重机的载荷状态....................................................................................................62.3起重机工作级别的确定............................................................................................7第三章5吨电动单梁桥式起重机的主梁计算.......................................................................83.1主梁断面的几何特性................................................................................................83.1.1主梁断面面积...................................................................................................83.1.2主梁断面水平形心轴位置.....................................................................83.1.3主梁断面惯性距...............................................................................................93.2主梁强度的计算......................................................................................................103.2.1垂直载荷在下翼丝引起的弯曲正应力.........................................................103.2.2主梁工字钢下翼局部弯曲计算.....................................................................113.2.3工字钢下翼缘局部弯曲应力计算.................................................................123.2.3主梁跨中断面当量应力计算.........................................................................14第四章刚度计算....................................................................................................................154.1垂直静刚度的计算...................................................................................................154.2水平静刚度计算........