虚拟语气

1虚拟语气语法详解：（与客观事实相反）1.Helooksasifheisdrunken2.Helooksasifheweredrunken3.Iftherewerenosubjunctiveclause,Englishwouldbemucheasier一：if用法If----haddone,wouldhavedone(过去)①If-----did/were,woulddo（现在）②If-----did,shoulddo,woulddo（将来）③weretodo,例：①IfIhadcomehereyesterday,Iwouldhaveseenhim.②IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.③Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,theycouldn'tgoout.④Ifhecame,Iwouldn’ttellhim.⑤IfIlivedinBeijing,IwouldvisittheGreatWalleveryday.⑥IfIhehadcome,hewouldhavegivenittomeyesterday.注：1.虚拟语气中没有was2.if从句中如有were,should,had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。Weresheyounger,shewoulddoit.Hadhetriedit,hecouldhavesucceeded.Hadheworkedharder,hewouldhavegotthroughtheexams.Werehetoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.Shouldheleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.WereIinyourplace,Iwouldn’tdothat.HadIseenthefilm,Iwouldhavediscusseditwiththemlastnight.3.杂交现象(通常主句有明显的时间状语暗示)If----haddone①would/should/could/mighthavedone(过去)①If-----did/were,②would/should/could/mightdo（现在）②If-----did/shoulddo/③weretodo,would/should/could/mightdo（将来）③例子：1.Ifhehadstudiedhard,hewouldstudyinQinghuaUniversitynow.2.IfIhadlistenedtoyouradvice,Icouldwinthegametobeheldtomorrow.3.IfIstudiedhardnow,IwouldbepresidentofChinainthefuture.二：without用法1.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn’thaveachievedsuccessinmywork.2.Withoutwater,wecouldn’tliveintoday’sworld.3.Withoutmoderntechnology,wewouldliveindarknessinthefuture.4.Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’tfinishmyworkontime.5.Intheabsenceofwaterandair,nothingcouldlive.三：butfor用法Butformusic,lifewouldbedull.Butforyourhelp,wewouldhavelostthegame.Butfortherain,wewouldhavehadaniceholiday.1).Butforhishelp，I_______________A.shouldnothavesucceededB.hadnotsucceededC.didnotsucceedD.havenotsucceeded2).Butthathecametohelpme,I________________2A.couldnothavesucceededB.didnotsucceedC.couldnotsucceedD.can’tbutsucceed四：otherwise用法基本公式：did-----;otherwise情过去式+havedoneHegotupearlier;otherwisehewouldhavemissedthetrain.Hegottwofreetickets;otherwisehewouldneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogotoAmerica.Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.总结：Ifwithoutbutforotherwise主句：过去虚拟情过去式+havedone主句：现在，将来虚拟情过去式+do五：wishifonlyasif用法一致Wishhaddonedid/werewould/could/might/shoulddosthIwishIhadlistenedtoyouradvice.IwishIwerepresidentofAmericaIwishIcouldvisittheGreatWall.(1).Theytalkedandtalkedasiftheywouldnevermeetagain(2)HeactsasifhewereaTVexpert.(3)AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhewereaRoman．(4)Johnpretendsasifhedidn’tknowthethingatall.(5)Thetreelookedasifithadn'tbeewateredforalongtime.(6).Theoldmanlookedatthepicture,hefeltasthoughhehadgonebacktotime20yearsago.六、Itistime（abouttime，hightime）that．．．(1).It'salready5o'clocknow．Don'tyouthinkit'sabouttimewewenthome？(2).Itisabouttimeyouwereinbed.(3).Itishightimeweleft.(4).ItishightimeIwenthomenow.=ItishightimeIshouldgohomenow.七、wouldrather=wouldsoonerwouldratherdosth(现在、将来)/havedonesth（过去）wouldrathersbdid现在或将来haddonesth过去He’dratherworkinthecountryside.IwouldratherwatchTVathomethangotothecinema.Iwouldratherhavetoldhimaboutityesterday.I’drathershesetouttodotheworknow.I’drathertheymetherattheairporttomorrowmorning.I’dratheryouhadn’ttoldhimthenewsthatday.八、“要求、建议、命令”等词后面用虚拟语气（一类词）词+(that)sb(should)dosth(that)sth(should)bedonesb/sth为主格三建议：suggest/advice/recommendrecommendationadvisable/suggested---三要求：request/demand/requirerequirementdemanding/required---一命令：order一坚持：insist坚持要求一渴望：desire渴望desirable一提出：propose提出proposal提案例句：1）Hegaveorderstheexperimentshouldbefinishedbefore5:30pm.2）WeallagreedtohissuggestionthatwegotoBeijingforsightseeing.3）Wedesirethatthetourleaderinformusimmediatelyofanychangesinplan.4）It’srecommendedthattheprojectnotbestarteduntilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.5）Myadviceisthathedoexercisesfirst.6）Itissuggestedhebesenttohospitalatonce.7）Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.38）Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.9)HeinsistedthatIsticktomydecision.10)Oneoftherequirementsisthatwelistentotheteachercarefully.11)Theproposalthatweputoffthemeetingwascomeupwithatthemeeting.12)Itisadvisablehemakeabalancebetweenhisworkandstudy.注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。ThelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasquitesatisfiedwithwhatIhaddone.Heinsistedthathewashonest.Thesmilesuggestedhewashappy.Thedoctorinsistedthathewasbadlywoundedandshouldbeoperatedatonce.九：Itisnecessary／important／strange／natural／impossible/surprising/essential/advisable/desirable/urgent/imperative/apity/ashame/nowonder……中用“（should）+动词原形”，1)Itisstrangethatthelittleboyshouldspeaktwoforeignlanguages.2)Itisnecessarythatyou(should)cleantheroomafterwork.3)Itisimportantthathe(should)workharderathislessons.4)Itisimpossiblethatheshouldgohome.5)Itisstrangethatheshouldhaveleftwithoutsayinggood-bye.6)Itisapitythatheshouldhavelostthegame.7)Iamsurprisedthathe____tohelpmewhenIneededitmost.A.shouldrefuseB.wouldhaverefusedC.shouldhaverefused8)Itisnecessarythatheshouldbesenttohospitalimmediately.9)Itisimportantenoughmoneybecollectedtofundtheproject.并非这些句型都用虚拟语气10)Itisstrangethathedidn’tcomeyesterday.（陈述语气）11)Itisapitythatyoucan’tdance.（陈述语气）虚拟语气专题训练（一）1.HadPaulrecei