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unit1What’sthematter?询问某人的健康问题以及遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：提建议：shoulddo/shouldn’tdo应该/不应该干某事What’sthematter(withsb)?/What’swrong(withsb)?/Whathappened(tosb)?What’sthetrouble(withsb)?/What’stheproblem(withsb)?/AreyouOK?/Isthereanythingwrongwithsb?表达身体疼痛或不舒服：sbhave/hasafever(cold,cough,theflu)sbhave/hasa..—ache(headache,toothache,stomachache,backache,anearache)sbhave/hasasorethroat(back,arm,foot,eyes)Thereissomethingwrongwithone’s+身体部位Idon’tfeelwell.(这里的well是形容词，健康的)Let’s+动词原形./What(How)aboutdoingsth?/Whynot(Whydon’tyou)do?You’dbetterdo/You’dbetternotdo最好干某事/最好不要干某事toomuch+不可数名词:toomuchhomework动词+toomuch:talktoomuchtoomany+可数名词复数：toomanystudentsmuchtoo+adj/adv:muchtootiredhotteawithhoney加蜂蜜的热茶(这里的with是后置定语，修饰tea)getanX-ray照X光seeadentist看牙医=gotoadentisttakeone’stemperature量体温putsomemedicineonit上药takebreaks=takeabreak=havearest休息一下liedown躺下gotoadoctor看医生inthesameway以同样的方式hurtoneself伤着自己awayfrom：远离Stayawayfromfire.远离火A地离B地的具体距离具体的距离+awayfrom:Myhomeis500metersawayfrommyschool.seesbdoingsth看见某人正在干某事seesbdosth看见某人干某事的全过程shoutforhelp大声呼救shoutatsb对某人大喊大叫shouttosb对某人大声说话lie动词，躺、位于，过去式lay,过去分词lain,现在分词lying动词，说谎，过去式lied,过去分词lied,现在分词lying名词，谎言tellalie=telllies说谎lay动词，下蛋，产卵，放置，过去式laid,过去分词laid,现在分词layingwithoutthinkingtwice毫不犹豫，不假思索geton上车getoff下车（大型交通工具）getinto/getoutof(电梯、出租车等小型交通工具)toone’ssurprise另某人吃惊的是expectsbtodosth期待某人干某事expectsbnottodosth期待某人不要干某事agreetodosth同意干某事thanksto多亏了，幸亏=becauseof=withthehelpofintime及时ontime按时，准时getintotrouble陷入困境，惹麻烦rightaway=rightnow=atonce立即马上falldown倒塌，跌倒thinkof想起，认为thinkabout考虑thinkaboutdoingsth考虑干某事thinkover仔细考虑hitsbin/on+身体部位（软的部位用in,硬的部位用on）runitunderwater用水冲洗putabandageonit用绷带包扎Knivesareusedtocutthings.sick&illsick形容词，可作定语，修饰名词，如：asickgirl;也可作表语，如：Sheissick.ill形容词，一般只作表语，不做定语Sheisill.(ill作定语修饰名词，指坏的=bad)havetrouble(in)doingsth=haveproblems/difficulty(in)doingsth干某事有麻烦/问题/困难havetroublewithsth=haveproblemswithsth=havedifficultywithsth在某方面有困难be/getusedtodoingsth习惯于干某事Iamusedtogettingupearly.我习惯了早起usedtodosth过去常常干某事（暗示现在不干了）Iusedtogetupearly.(暗示现在不早起)beusedtodosth被用来干某事（是由usesthtodosth变为被动语态而来）lookup查阅，查字典writedown写下，记下takearisk=takerisks冒险risk用作动词：risk+n/代/doingsthIamwillingtorisklosingeverything.becauseof+名词或名词性短语becauseofaccidentsloseone’slife失去生命inadangeroussituation在危险的情况下byoneself独自，亲自free形容词，自由的，空闲的，免费的：Areyoufree?/Theflowerisforfree.花是免费的动词，解放，使自由Iwanttofreethesebirdsincages.runout用完，耗尽，物作主语,即sthrunout:Mymoneyranoutsoon.runoutof用完，耗尽，=useup人作主语，即sbrunoutofsth:Iranoutofmymoneysoon.usesthtodosth使用某物来干某事cutoff切断climbdown爬下bereadytodosth=getreadytodosth准备好干某事bereadyforsth=getreadyforsth为…做好准备withhisleftarm用他的左胳膊，with用(用工具)Weeatwithchopsticks.我们用筷子吃饭。in用（用语言，声音，材料等）SpeakinEnglish,please.called=named被叫做，名为…的Doyouknowthegirlcalled/namedNancy?tellof讲述=talkabouttheimportanceof+n/代/doingsth…的重要性theimportanceofwater水的重要性theimportanceofreadingbooks读书的重要性makedecisions作决定makedecisionstodosth作决定干某事=decidetodosthbeincontrolof掌管，管理Youshouldbeincontrolofyourownlife.beoutofcontrol失去控制thesameas和…一样die动词，died过去式dying现在分词，可作形容词，垂死的dead形容词，死亡的，death名词，死亡keepondoingsth坚持干某事giveup动副短语，代词放中间，用宾格：giveit/themupgiveupdoingsth放弃干某事=stopdoingsthunit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.动词短语：1.动词+介词：lookat,listento,lookafter(to,at,in,after,for,of,from,across,with,through)2.动词+副词：pickup,takeout,giveaway(on,off,up,down,out,away,)代词作宾语，放中间，用宾格。3.动词+名词+介词：takecareof,takepartin4.系动词+形容词+介词：beangrywith，bedifferentfrom5.动词+副词+介词：lookforwardto,catchupwithput:puton穿上，上演；putoff推迟，延期；putup举起，张贴，搭建；putdown放下putout扑灭，熄灭；putaway收起来，收好come:comefrom来自；comeon快点，加油；comein进来；comeupwith想出，想起comeout出来，出版，放映；comeover过来，顺便来访look:lookat看着lookafter照看，照顾；lookout当心；looklike看起来像；lookup查阅lookforwardto期待，盼望turn:turnon打开；turnoff关掉；turnup声音调大点；turndown声音调小点；cut:cutup切碎；cutdown砍伐；cutoff切断；cutinto切成take:takeafter相像；takeoff脱下，起飞；takepartin参加；takecareof照顾，照料takeout拿出，取出cleanup打扫干净；cheerup振作起来，使高兴起来；setup建立；helpout帮助解决难题；workout解答出来，计算出，效果好；giveout=handout分发，散发；tryout试验，参加…的选拔；dressup打扮，乔装打扮；giveaway赠送；growup长大；makeup编造；giveup放弃callup=ringup打电话pickup捡起，开车接某人，putoffdoingsth推迟干某事comeupwith=thinkup想出putupsigns张贴标语clean-up名词清洁catchupwith追上，赶上notice:名词，通知，通告动词，注意到noticesbdosth注意到某人干某事的全过程noticesbdoingsth注意到某人正在干某事each&every:同:each,every后面加名词异：1.each强调个体，every强调整体；2.each是两个或两个以上中的每一个，every是三个或三个以上的每一个；3.each可以和of连用，every不可以，eachof+名词作主语，谓语动词用三单形式。usedtodosth过去常常干某事（暗示现在不干了）Iusedtoplaybasketballafterschool.Ididn’tusetoplaybasketballafterschool.或Iusedn’ttoplaybasketballafterschool.Didyouusetoplaybasketballafterschool.或Usedyoutoplaybasketballafterschool.Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.或Yes,Iused./No,Iusedn’t.Whatdidyouusetodo?或Whatusedyoutodo?usedtobe过去是（现在不是了）Iusedtobeastudent.(现在不是学生了)carefor照顾，照料，用于肯定句=lookafter=takecareof非常喜欢，用于否定句Idon’tcareforgreentea.someday有朝一日，用于将来时；oneday有一天，用于过去时态或将来时态theotherday前几天，用于过去时态lonely&alone:lonely形容词，孤独的，寂寞的，荒凉的，有强烈的感情色彩，可作表语，如：Ifeellonely.可作定语，alonelyisland一座孤岛alone副词，修饰动词，如：livealone独自生活；也可以用作形容词，但只能作表语，无感情色彩，强调独自，一个人，如：Iwasaloneathome.volunteertodosth自愿干某事volunteer作名词，志愿者so&such:so强调形容词或副词，such强调名词1.such+a/an+adj+可数名词单数：suchacleverboy2