搜索
.thePassiveVoice（被动语态）文综之家二．被动语态的基本结构be+过去分词（人称.数.时态的变化都体现在助动词be的变化上）一．语态语态是表示主语和谓语的关系的。如果主语是动作的执行者，动词要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词就要用被动语态。一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态Ireadbooks.主语谓语宾语Booksarereadbyme.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态被动语态的大体构成：Be+PastParticiple（过去分词）1.Tombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.2.Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.Be要随着主语变逻辑主语by来引文综之家主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时被动结构：am/is/are+过去分词Exercise:Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时被动结构：was/were+过去分词Exercise:Heboughtsomefruitsyesterday.Somefruitswereboughtyesterday.3.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时被动结构：am/is/are+being+PPExercise:Theyareholdingasportsmeetingnow.Asportsmeetingisbeingheld(bythem)now.Exercise:Theyareplayingvolleyballnow.Volleyballisbeingplayed(bythem)now4.Shewasinterviewingthefamousmanatthistimeyesterday.Thefamousmanwasbeinginterviewedbyher过去进行时被动结构：was/were+being+PPExercise:Hewasplayingbasketballat8:00lastnight.Basketballwasbeingplayedat8:00yesterday.5.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时被动结构：will+be+过去分词Theyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow.begoingto+be+ppExercise:Thegirlwillfinishherhomeworkintwentyminutes.Herhomeworkwillbefinished(bythegirl)intwentyminutes.6.Hesaidtheworkerswouldbuildanewschoolintwoweeks.Hesaidanewschoolwouldbebuiltintwoweeks.过去将来时被动构成：would+be+ppTheywouldhaveapartythenextday.Apartywouldbehad(bythem)thenextday.7.AbycantakegoodcareofTina．TinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAby.情态动词变被动：情态动词+be+过去分词Exercise:Hemaycarrythebasketeasily.Thebasketmaybeeasilycarriedbyhim.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.8.Wehavemadetwentykeys．Twentykeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时被动结构：have/has+been+过去分词Exercise:Workershavebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago.Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago.9.Wehadseenthisfilmbeforeyoucamehere.Thisfilmhadbeenseenbyusbeforeyoucamehere.过去完成时被动结构：had+been+PPExercise:Thedoctorknewthathehadknownhisproblem.—Thedoctorknewthathisproblemhadbeenknownbyhim.表格：被动态基本结构时态被动语态结构一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时am/is/aredonewas/weredoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdoneshall/will/begoingtobedonewouldbedonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendoneExercises:一.选择填空:1.Windowsofglass.A.bemadeB.ismadeC.aremadeD.beenmade2.Thehousein2004.A.isbuiltB.isbuildingC.wasbuiltD.used3.Acoatcanforkeepingwarm.A.beusedB.isusedC.beenusedD.usedCCA4.Watches____Shanghai.A.aremadeinB.ismadeC.aremadefromD.made5.Thisdeskismade_____wood.A.ofB.fromC.inD.by6.Thethingsonshowwere____theolddays.A.usedB.usedtoC.usedforD.usedin7.Silk_____inHangzhouandSuzhouA.isproducedB.areproducedC.producedD.isproducesAADA1.Iwasgivenabookbyhim.(间宾作主）Hegavemeabook.(变被动）主语谓语间宾直宾2.Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Mymotherboughtmeabirthdaycake.主语谓语间宾直宾1.Iwasboughtabirthdaycakebymymother.2.Abirthdaycakewasboughtformebymymother.变为被动时，间宾前加to的带有双宾语的动词有：14个bring,teach,pass,hand,give,lend,refuse,leave,promise,tell,return,show,send,write.变为被动时，间宾前加for的带有双宾语的动词有：5个buy,get,do,pay,sing.1.Ourschool_____＿＿＿＿in2002.(开办)2.Theyoungtreesmust__________________well.(照顾)3._____thisbuilding_________(建成)lastyear?4.Thebook____________(写)byhimlastyear.5.Thebridge______________(不建造)in1989..6.The29thOlympicGameswill__________(举行)inBeijingin2008.wasopenedbelookedafterWasbuiltwaswrittenwasn’tbuiltbeheldAnswerrightorwrong•1.必须照看好孩子们。•Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare.()•Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.()•2.这本书是鲁迅写的。•ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun.()•ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.()•3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。•Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterday.()•Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.()WRWRWR•4.这辆自行车能修吗？•Canthisbikemended?()•Canthisbikebemended?()•5.街道已由他们清理了。•Thestreethasbeencleanedbythey.()•Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem.()WRWR动词短语的被动语态takecareof→betakencareofcutdown→becutdownlaughat→belaughedatlookafter→belookedafter(2)seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.hear/watch/….１带复合宾语的被动语态结构．（１）makesb.dosth.sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreenmadeJimdohishomeworkathome.JimwasmadetodohishomeworkbyMrGreenathome.一感二听三使四看feel/hearlistento/makehavelet/lookseewatchnoticeobserve这十大动词在主动句中动词用原形，但在变为被动语态时必须加上to巧记：这些动词为“五看三使役，两听一感觉”使用口诀：感使动词真奇怪，to在句子像妖怪。主动句里to走开，被动句里to回来。动词let要除外，to词可来可不来。Theysaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.Itwassaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.类似的还有：Itisreported/believed/hoped/supposedthat......Wereport2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have/fitIhaveaTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．语态转换时要注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留宾语Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)5.—Doyo