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Unit1TextI：NeverGivein.Never,Never,NeverNewwordsfromthetextcatastrophic:a.①of,relatingto,orinvolvingacatastrophe大灾难的，灾难的、与灾难有关的或卷入灾难的.acatastrophicillness一场灾难性的疾病②catastrophic来自catastrophe,Syn.：accident,calamity,disaster,misfortune,tragedy,cataclysm.Thesenounsrefertoaneventhavingfatalorruinousresults.这些名词均只带来致命的或毁灭性结果的事件。misfortunen.①uncountablebadfortuneorillluck厄运；坏运气或倒霉ortheconditionresultingfrombadfortuneorillluck由厄运或晦气带来的境遇例：hewantedtohelpthoseinmisfortune他想帮助那些身逆境的人。②countableadistressingoccurrence倒霉事，不幸的事例：Misfortunesaretooapttowearoutfriendship.不幸的事情最能损害友谊。③misfortune,adversity,mishap,mischanceallrefertostateoraninstanceofillfor-tuneorbadluck.这些名词都指示一种坏运气或倒霉的状态或事件。Misfortune,whichappliesmostbroadly,oftensuggeststheoperationoffdistressingcircumstancesbeyondthevictim’scontrol.适用范围最广，它经常暗含着受害者所不能控制的令人烦恼的外部环境的运转。Shehadthemisfortunetobecomegravelyill.她真倒霉，得了重病。Adversityfrequentlyimpliescontinuinghardshiporaffliction.经常暗含桌连续不断的艰难和磨难。Debt-riddenfarmershadtostrugglewithadversity.负载累累的农场主必须和逆境进行斗争。*Bothmishapandmischanceconnotewithoutanymishaps.两词都包含着轻微的或微不足道的事件或影响的意思。a.Theyarrivedattheirdestinationwithoutanymishaps.他们毫无差错地到达了目的地。b.BymischanceIdialedawrongnumber很倒霉，我拨错了电话号码。desperate:ａ．①havinglostallhope;despairing失去全部希望的；绝望的②dangerous;critical几乎没有希望的；严重的，危险的;e.g.adesperateillness绝症；adesperatesituation危险境地③sufferingordrivenbygreatneedordistress急切的，极度渴望的，被强烈的需要或苦恼驱使的Mostofyoungpeoplearedesperateforrecognition.大多数年轻人急于得到承认。(Wehadtheunmeasuredmenaceoftheenemyandtheirairattackstillbeatinguponus…那时我们面临着敌人无法衡量的威胁以及他们的空中部队始终攻打着我们…)1)menacen.apossibledangerorathreat威胁e.g.a.Ourworldisfacingthemenaceofnuclearwar.我们的世界正受着核战争之威胁。b.Atoddlerisamenaceisashopfullofcrystal.蹒跚学步的孩子对放满水晶制品的商店是一个威胁。2)beatuponv.toflaporstrikerepeatedly打，反复拍打(Iexpectyouarebeginningtofeelimpatientthattherehasbeenthislonglullwithnothingparticularturningup:)--Ihavethoughtyouarestartingtofeelintolerantthattheunchangedsituationaboutthewarlastssolongthatnothingcheerfuloccurs.1）lull①n.arelativelycalminterval,asinastorm暂息。Syn.：break,intermission,lapse,pause,recess,respite,rest,silence,stillness.Lullaby是asoothingsongwithwhichtolullachildtosleep摇篮曲②vt.tocausetosleeporrest;sootheorcalm使人睡e.g.Themonotonousvoiceofthemovementofthetrainlulledmetosleep.火车运行时单调的声音使我昏昏欲睡。impostorn.onewhoengagesindeceptionunderanassumednameoridentity冒名顶替的人；涉及以假名或假身份欺骗的人Syn.：cheat,deceiver,faker,fraud,impersonator,pretender.e.g.You’renotmyroommate,youimpostor!你不是我的室友，你是个骗子。Convictionn.afixedorstrongbelief信念；不变的或坚定的信仰;abeliefthatexcludesdoubt.是一种无庸置疑的信念。e.g.Responsiblejournalismisjournalismresponsibleinthelastanalysistotheeditor’sownconvictionofwhat,whetherinterestingoronlyimportant,isinthepublicinterest.有鉴别的新闻事业指的是编辑对于不论有趣的或重要的事都持有自己观念且作最后分析的新闻业，这种新闻对大众负责。（neveryieldtotheapparentlyoverwhelmingmightoftheenemy:）nevergiveinorsurrendertotheseeminglystrongenemy决不屈服于敌人表面上摧毁性的威力1)yield:v.togiveup,asindefeat;surrenderorsubmit让与，屈服；因失败而放弃；投降或屈服e.g.a.Thearmyyieldedwhenitwasattacked.军队在受到进攻时投降了。b.Thechildpleaded,buttheparentswouldn’tyield.孩子苦苦哀求，但父母不让步。２)apparently:ad.distinctly,evidently,manifestly,obviously,plainly显然；似乎;e.g：a.Apparently,youhavedonealotofwork..很明显你们已经作了很多工作。b.Apparentlysensitivetocriticism,thebullforgotallaboutthematadorandchargedatthedrunk.公牛对挑畔显然很敏感，它全然不顾斗牛士，却向醉汉冲去c.Apparentlyshewastryingherbesttosaveherchildfromsevereillness.很明显，它在尽力设法挽救她那种病的孩子。3)overwhelminga.overpoweringineffectorstrength势不可挡的；在影响力量上势不可挡的、不可抗拒的例：overwhelmingjoy压倒一切的快乐；anoverwhelmingmajority一个压倒的优势；theoverwhelmingmajority压倒多数（…ouraccountwasclosed…）…wewerecompletelydefeatedbyenemytroops…我们被打败了Accountn.①anarrativeorrecordifevents记述，报告：叙述事件或事件的记录②areasongivenforaparticularaction理由：某一特别行为的理由③aformalbanking,brokerage,orbusinessrelationshipestablishedtoprovideforregularservices,dealings,andotherfinancialtransactions帐户：为提供定期的服务，交易，和其他金融活动而建立的正式银行业务，经济业或商业关系④moneydepositedforchecking,savings,orbrokerageuse存款：为支付，节省，或经纪业而存起来的钱⑤acustomerhavingabusinessorcreditrelationshipwithafirm客户：与一公司有着商业或信誉联系的顾客例：Salespeoplevisitedtheiraccounts.推销员拜访了他们的客户。⑥worth,standing,orimportance价值，地位，重要性例：Heusedtobealandownerofsomeaccount.他过去是富有的地主。⑦profitoradvantage利润，优势例：Thecompanyturnedherwritingskillstogoodaccount.公司利用她的写作技巧来获利。（…Ourcountrystoodinthegap）：…ourcountryshoulderedtheresponsibilityinisolation.我们的国家挺身而出Standinthegapv.standoutfightback挺身阻挡例：Atthecriticalmomentofworldeconomicrecession,apowerfulgovernmentisneededtostandinthegap.在世界经济萧条的关键时刻，需要一个强有力的政府挺身而出。（…weregoneandfinishedandliquidated）：…wereoverandcompletedandsettled.都没有了，完成了，结束了Liquidate:v.①tosettletheaffairsof(abusinessfirm,forexample)bydeterminingtheliabilitiesandapplyingtheassetstotheirdischarge.清算：通过确实债务并对资产进行清偿来解决(例如一个商业公司)事务②toputanendto;abolish结束；废除（Therewasnoflinchingandnothoughtofgivingin.）没有畏缩没有放弃的思想。flinchv.tostartorwinceinvoluntarily,asfromsurpriseorpain,somethingunpleasantordifficulty退缩：由于惊奇或疼痛以及令人不愉快的或困难的事而惊奇或退缩例：a.toflinchatpain因怕痛而畏缩b.Jonesdidn’tflinchoncewhenthenursecleanedthecutinhisleg.护士为琼斯清洗腿上的伤口时，它毫无畏缩