搜索
CargoTransportationInsuranceTermsinvolved•theinsurant/insured/assured–Thepartythatbuysinsurance(exporter/importer)•theinsurer–Thepartyundertakingtoindemnifytheinsurantagainstlossesordamages(PICC)•theclaimant–Theclaimantmaynotnecessarilybetheinsurant•theinsurancepolicy-Thecontractmadebetweentheinsurerandtheinsured•theinsuredamount-Theamountcoveredagainstthesubjectmatter(whichisusuallytheamountof110%ofCIFvalueoftheconsignment)•premium-ThesumofmoneytheinsuredagreestopaytheinsurerforaninsurancepolicyMarineRisksPerilsoftheseaExternal/ExtraneousrisksRisksNaturalcalamitiesUnexpectedaccidents/fortuitousaccidentsGeneralrisksSpecialrisks•Twotypesofrisks–Perilsofthesea•Naturalcalamities–Causedbyforcemajeureeventssuchasheavyweather,lightening,Tsunami,earthquake,volcaniceruption,,etc.•Unexpectedaccidents/fortuitousaccidents–Causedbyaccidentssuchasfire,explosion,vesselbeingstranded,grounded,sunkorcapsized,collision,missing,etc.1.TheftPilferageandNon-Delivery,T.P.N.D.；2.RainFreshWaterDamage,F.W.R.D.；3.RiskofShortage；4.RiskofIntermixtureandContamination；5.RiskofLeakage；6.RiskofClashandBreakage；7.RiskofOrdor串味；8.DamageCausedbysweatingandHeating；9.HookDamage；10.LossandDamageCausedbyBreakageofPacking；11.RiskofRust.GeneralAdditionalRiskExternal/ExtraneousRisksCausedbymilitaryfactors,politicalfactors,governmentregulationssuchaswar,striking,confiscation充公1.WarRisks;2.Strikerisks;3.Aflatoxin黄曲霉素险;4.Failuretodeliver;5.OnDeck舱面险;6.ImportDuty;7.Rejection;8.FireRiskExtensionClause,F.R.E.C.——forstorageofcargoatdestinationofHongKong,includingKowloon,orMacao.SpecialAdditionalRisksLossesinMarineCargoTransportThelossesanddamagesdonetothegoodscanfallinto:1.TotalLoss1)ActualTotalLoss（thewholelotoftheconsignmenthasbeenlostordamagedorfoundvaluelessuponthearrivalattheportofdestination)2)ConstructiveTotalLoss(theactuallossoftheinsuredgoodsisunavoidable,ortheshiportheconsignmenthastobeabandonedbecausethecostofsalvageorrecoverywouldexceedthevalueoftheshipandtheconsignmentinsoundconditionuponthearrivaloftheportofdestination.)2.PartialLoss1)GeneralAverage(G.A.)共同海损(whenboththeshipandtheconsignmentsonboardareengagedandtheCaptain,forthesafetyoftheshipandtheconsignments,intentionallyandreasonablydoessomesacrificesormakessomeexpenses.)2)ParticularAverage(P.A)单独海损(aparticularconsignmentispartiallydamaged)Expensesincurred•Twotypesofexpenses–Sueorlaborexpenses(eg.施救费)•Whenthesubjectmattersufferstheriskswithininsurancecoverage•theinsuredtakesmeasurestoavertorminimizethelossordamagetothesubjectmatterinsured.–Salvagecharge(救助费)•Athirdpartyotherthantheinsuredtakesmeasurestosavethesubjectmatter•(“No-Cure，No-Pay”principle)DifferentRisksTherisks:I.BasicInsuranceII.AdditionalInsurancea.Basicinsurance:coveredindependently1.FreefromParticularAverage2.WithParticularAverage3.AllRisksb.Additionalinsurance:gowithbasiccoverage1.GeneralAdditionalRisks（AAR）2.SpecialAdditionalRisksA.R.W.P.A.F.P.A.3.Totalorpartiallosscausedbyaccidentsandconsequentonfallingofentirepackageduringloading,unloadingortransshipment4.Reasonableexpensestheinsuredmakesforthesalvageofthegoodsinsured,andforavertingorminimizingthelosses5.Lossduetodischargeoftheinsuredgoodsataportofdistressfollowingaseaperilaswellasspecialchargesarisingfromloading,warehousingandforwardingofthegoodsatanintermediateportofcallorrefuge6.Sacrificeinandcontributiontosalvagecharges7.Lossdueto“BothtoBlameCollision”Clause8.PartiallosscauseddirectlybynaturalcalamitiesActualtotallossConstructivetotalloss1.Totalloss2.Partiallossduetoa.fortuitousaccidentsb.naturalcalamities,wheretheconveyancebeinggrounded,stranded,sunkorburntbeforeorafterthefortuitousaccident9.Lossordamageduetoexternalcausesincludinggeneralextraneousrisks,excludingspecialextraneousrisksandexclusionsFigure6.4BasicCoverageofC.I.C.a.naturalcalamitiesb.fortuitousaccidentsduetoInsuredAmountandInsurancePremium•TheinsuredamountTheformulaforcalculatingtheinsuredamountunderCIFtradeterms:InsuredAmount=CIFpricex(1+markuppercentage)TheinsurancepremiumTheformulaforcalculatingthepremiumunderCIFtradeterms:InsurancePremium=insuredamountxpremiumrate=CIFpricex(1+markuppercentage)xpremiumrate例如，某CIF合同价值为USD12000，按照110%投保一切险与战争险，费率分别为0.6%和0.4%，请问保险金额和保险费各多少？•Answer:•InsuredAmount:•USD12000x110%=USD13200•InsurancePremium:•USD13200x(0.6%+0.4%)=USD132InsuranceDocumentsCommonlyusedinsurancedocumentsininternationaltrade:•(1)Insurancepolicy:themostlyusedinsurancedocument.•(2)Insurancecertificate保险凭证:asimplifiedinsurancedocument.Thecertificatecarriesthesamecontentsastheinsurancepolicyexceptfortheobligationsandrightsoftheinsurerandtheinsured.•(3)Combinedcertificate联合凭证:thecombinationoftheinvoiceandinsurancepolicy,muchsimplerthantheinsurancecertificate.Itisnotoftenusednow.•(4)Openpolicy预约保单:alsoknownasopencover,thegeneralcontractbetweentheinsured(normallytheimporter)andtheinsurer,oftenusedinimporttransactionsinChina.•(5)Endorsement批单:Aftertheinsurancepolicyisissued,iftheinsuredwantstoaddorchangesomeitemsofthepolicy,theinsuredcan,withtheinsurancecompany’sconsent,applyfortheadditionandchange.Thedo