Dows-Fire-&-Explosion-Index-Hazard-Classification-

DOWISFIRE&EXPLOSIONINDEXHAZARDCLASSIFICATIONGUIDESEVENTHEDITIONaAIChEtechnicalmanualpublishedbytheAmericanInstituteofChemicalEngineers345East47thStreet,NewYork,NY10017©1994ACKNOWLEDGMENTTheAmericanInstituteofChemicalEngineerswishestoacknowledgethecooperationofTheDowChemicalCompanyinreleasingtheir7theditionoftheFirealldExplosiollIlldexHazardClassificatiollGllideforpublication.SpecialthankstoN.E.Scheffler,W.R.Heitzig,J.F.Murphy,S.M.Hartnagle,N.H.Humphrey,B.H.ScortichiniandT.O.GibsonofTheDowChemicalCompany,whosecarefulevaluationandreviewofthismaterialprovidedsomeimportantinnovationstomaketheGllidemoreusefultothechemicalindustry.CopyrightinU.S.A.©1994LC80-29237ISBN0-8169-0623-8TABLEOFCONTENTSPreface1Introduction:TheFire&ExplosionIndexSystem2ProcedureforRiskAnalysisCalculations3SelectionofPertinentProcessUnits8DeterminationofMaterialFactor.10ProcessUnitHazardsFactors15GeneralProcessHazards16SpecialProcessHazards20DeterminationofProcessUnitHazardsFactor37DeterminationofFireandExplosionIndex38LossControlCreditFactors39ProcessUnitRiskAnalysisSummary47DiscussionofMPPD.BIandPlantLayout57ManufacturingUnitRiskAnalysisSummary58RiskAnalysisPackage59TABLESI-MaterialFactorDeterminationGuide132-MaterialFactorTemperatureAdjustment143-DustExplosionPenalty214-HighPressurePenaltyforflammableandCombustibleLiquids225-HotOilHeatExchangeSystemPenalty366-DegreeofHazardforF&EI38FIGURESI-ProcedureforCalculatingF&EIandOtherRiskAnalysisInformation42-PressurePenaltyforflammableandCombustibleLiquids233-LiquidsorGasesinProcess274-LiquidsorGasesinStorage295-CombustibleSolidsinStorage/DustinProcess316-FiredEquipmentPenalty347-RadiusofExposure488-DamageFactor539-MaximumProbableDaysOutage55FORMSFireandExplosionIndexForm5LossControlCreditFactorsForm6ProcessUnitRiskAnalysisSummaryForm6ManufacturingUnitRiskAnalysisSummaryForm7APPENDICESA-MaterialFactors60B-SpecialMaterialFactorConsiderationsforMixtures72C-BasicPreventiveandProtectiveFeatures74D-LossPreventionChecklist75E-EquationsforDamageFactorData81F-AcronymsandAbbreviations83PREFACESincethefirsteditionofthisguidewasissuedin1964,theFire&ExplosionIndex(F&EI)hasevolvedthroughthcpast29ycarsintoacomprehensiveindexthatgivesarelativevaluetotheriskofindividualprocessunitlossesduetopotentialfiresandexplosions.TheprimarypurposeoftheF&EIistoserveasaguidetotheselectionoffireprotectionmethods.ItsbroaderpurposewastohaveamethodfortherelativerankingofindividualprocessunitsfocusedonkeyitemsofequipmentThisindexhasbeenwidelyusedinDowandoutsideofDow.Itistheleadinghazardindexrecognizedbythechemicalindustry.TheprescntF&EIprovideskeyinformationtohelpevaluatetheoverallriskfromfireandexplosion.TheF&EIcanbeusedinconjunctionwiththeChemicalExposureIndexGuide,2ndcd.andotherprocessinformationtoformaRiskAnalysisPackagetobenerunderstandthepotentialriskstoamanufacturingunit.ThispackageisanimportantpartoftheConsolidatedAuditprocess.TheF&EIisoneofthetoolsusedforevaluationofrealisticfire,explosionandreactivitypotentialofproc­essequipmentanditscontents.TheF&EIisalsotiedintotheDistributionRankingIndex(DRI).Theseventheditionisprimarilyanupdateofthesixthedition,andtherearenomajorconceptualchanges.ImprovementshavebeenmadeinwordingandupdatinghasbeendonetoremainconsistentwithCodesandLossPreventionPrinciples.AmajorupdatehasbeenmadeinAppendixA,MaterialFactors,whichgivesthelatestNFPAratings,flashpoints,boilingpointsand,mostimportantly,MaterialFactors.Improvementsintheseventheditioninclude:•Correctionoftheerratawhichhadbeennotedinthesixthedition.•IncorporationofatableofF&EIversusDegreeofHazard.•MajorupdatingofAppendixAtogivemostrecentNFPAratingsandMaterialFactorswhichagreewithTableI.•RevisionofF&EIformsthathavebeenstreamlinedandputintocomputerizedspreadsheetformats.•UpdatingoftheDeterminationofMaterialFactorandToxicMaterialsNFPAratingsinaccordancewiththelatestNFPA704definitions.•Additionofequationsforthecurvesinthefigurestoaidinthecalculationoffactorsandallowforcomputerdeterminationofvalues.•InclusionofSI(InternationalSystemofUnits)unitsinadditiontoUS/Britishunits.•Improvementandadditionofexamples.•SomerevampingintheLossControlCreditFactorsareawitheliminationofburiedtankcreditandreferencetohalonsandnewcreditforprocesshazardreviews.•ReorganizationofProcessUnitRiskAnalysisSummarysection.•UpdatingdiscussionregardingMaximumProbablePropertyDamageandplantlayoutconsiderations.•MinorrevisionstotheLossPreventionChecklistTheFire&ExplosionIndexHazardClassificationGuidehasbeenmadeavailableasaneditedversiontoallinterestedpartiesthroughtheAmericanInstituteofChemicalEngineers(AIChE),345East47thStreetNewYotlc,NY10017[phone(212)705·7657].VariouscountrieshavereferencedtheF&EIguideintheirrespectivegovernmentalregulations.INTRODUCTION:THEFIREANDEXPLOSIONINDEXTheFireandExplosionRiskAnalysisSystemisastep-by-stepobjectiveevaluationoftherealisticfire,explosionandreactivitypotentialofprocessequipmentanditscontents.Thequantitativemeasurementsusedintheanalysisarebasedonhistoriclossdata,theenergypotentialofthematerialunderstudy,andtheextenttowhichlosspreventionpracti