第二章语法填空第二节有提示词的解题技巧专题二非谓语动词一、基础知识(续上)非谓语动词分为不定式、Ving形式和Ved形式三种,在句子中可充当除谓语外的其他成分。语法填空常考查其在句子中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语的用法。1.作主语。(1)不定式作主语常表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作;Ving形式则表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为。(2)不定式作真正的主语常用的几种情况:在itisnecessary/important/...(forsb.)todosth.句型中;itiskind/foolish/...(ofsb.)todosth.句型中;在ittakessb.timetodosth.句型中。二、难点提示2.作宾语。(1)只接不定式作宾语的动词有want,wait,offer,long,fail,hope,expect,ask,decide,determine,manage,agree,afford,arrange,promise,pretend等。(2)只接Ving形式作宾语的动词及词组有mind,miss,enjoy,excuse,prevent,practice,suggest,keep(on),avoid,admit,appreciate,risk,resist,finish,forbid,imagine,consider,deny,stand,propose等。(3)接不定式和接Ving形式作宾语表示不同意思的动词有remember,forget,regret,try,mean,stop。3.作宾语补足语。(1)一般来说,不定式表示主动、将来的动作;Ving形式表示主动、正在进行的动作;Ved形式表示被动、已完成的动作。(2)在see,hear,notice,observe等感官动词和have,make等使役动词后,用Ving形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行;用不定式(往往省略to)表示动作已经发生,动作的全过程已经结束;用Ved形式表示被动的动作。例如:Isawhimgoupstairs.(看见动作全过程)Isawhimgoingupstairs.(看见动作正在进行)Isawhimcarriedtotheambulance.(看见一个被动的动作发生)4.作定语。Ving形式作定语表示主动或进行;Ved形式作定语表示被动或完成;不定式作定语常表示将来的动作。例如:Theworkersbuildingthebridgecamefromalloverthecountry.ThenovelswrittenbyMoyanarepopular,attractingmoreandmorereaders.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.5.作状语。(1)不定式作状语通常表示目的或结果,或者在表示喜怒哀乐的形容词表语后作原因状语,表示引起这种情绪变化的原因。例如:I'msorrynottohavecomeonTuesday.(2)Ving形式作状语时,其逻辑主语是主句的主语;Ved形式作状语时,其逻辑宾语是主句的主语。例如:Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.技巧一、如果句中有谓语,则用非谓语动词如果句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,则所给动词要用非谓语形式。非谓语动词,需要确定用动词不定式、Ving形式还是Ved形式。确定的方法有:1.作主语或宾语,通常用是Ving形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体的情况。例1Asachild,hewasenthusiasticabout________(design)complicatedtoys...三、解题技巧作介词about的宾语,只能用动名词designing。解析:答案:designing2.作目的状语、结果状语或形容词后的状语,一般用动词不定式。例2So________(do)betterinreadingcomprehension,weshouldlearntheknowledgeofwriting,studyhowquestionsaredesignedandtherelationshipbetweenquestionsandthereadingmaterials.此处do在句子开头作目的状语,且相对句子的主语来说是主动的,因此填不定式todo。解析:答案:todo例3Shewishedthathewasaseasy________(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.在形容词后作状语,只能用动词不定式,且用主动形式表示被动意义,故填toplease。解析:答案:toplease3.分词作表语时,常用结构为:sth.isVing.sb.isVed.例4Thestorywas________(touch)andweweregreatly________(touch)byit.前一空的主语是story,故填touching;后一空主语是we,故填touched。解析:答案:touching,touched4.分词作宾补时,需根据宾语和分词的关系确定分词形式。宾语是分词动作的执行者,用Ving形式;宾语是分词动作的承受者,用Ved形式。例5Inoticedaman________(sit)atthefront.句中已有谓语动词noticed,且sit前没有并列连词,因此sit是非谓语动词;由固定句式noticesb.doing/dosth.(注意到某人在做/做了某事)可知填sitting或sit,但根据文中提供的情境,不难推出作者“注意到”时,那个人是“正坐在”作者前面的,故填sitting。解析:答案:sitting例6Iheardthesong________(sing)manytimes.宾语song是分词的承受者,用过去分词作宾补表示被动。填入sung。解析:答案:sung5.分词作状语时,根据分词与句子主语的关系确定分词形式。主语若是分词动作的执行者,用Ving形式;主语若是分词动作的承受者,用Ved形式。例7________(follow)bymanyfans,thesingerwalkedoutofthehall.句子的主语singer是follow的承受者,用过去分词,填入Followed。解析:答案:Followed例8________(follow)thefamoussinger,thecrazyfanswalkedoutofthehall.句子主语thecrazyfans是分词动作follow的执行者,用现在分词表主动,填入Following。解析:答案:Following技巧二、有时给出的动词既不是谓语形式也不是非谓语形式,这时需要进行词类转换例ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather________(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.提示词choose是动词,但在宾语从句中作主语,且在形容词性物主代词后,故用名词choice。解析:答案:choice(一)用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Forexample,theproverb,“Pluckingupacrop______(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.2.Whileshewasgettingme________(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycar...3.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson_________(receive)thegift.即学即练tohelpsettledreceiving4.Withtheproblem________(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.5.IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft___________(complete)therest.6.There,________(place)neatlybesidetheemptydish,weretwonickelsandfivepennies—hertip!7.________(compare)withthepreviousyear,thenumberofstudentswhowentabroadforstudywasincreasedby15,000,orariseof13%.solvedtocompleteplacedCompared8.StormssweptalongNewMexico'sborderwithTexasonFriday,________(destroy)homesandotherbuildings.9.Wemustpractisespeakingand________(write)thelanguagewheneverwecan.10.Butitisnotenoughonly_____________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.destroyingwritingtomemorize(二)阅读下列短文,用所给动词的适当形式填空。Whenababyisindanger,itsmotherwillbecrazyandworried.Thisissomethinganyonecanrelateto,eventhoughwearetalkingaboutamotherelephant1.________(separate)fromherchild.Avideo2.________(record)thereunionbetweentheelephantandher8montholdbabyinKenyawasoneofthemostimpressivescenes.Thebabyfellinsideamanmadeholeandwasunabletoclimbout,separatedrecordingaccordingtothevideo3.________(release)bytheAmboseliTrustforElephants.Despitethebestefforts4.________(make)byherdesperatemother,thebabyseemedhelplessuntilateamofworkersrushed5.________(help).Theyhadtodrivetheoverprotectivemotherawayfirst,sothattheycouldgetcloseenough6.________(rescue)thebabywithropesandavehicle.releasedmadetohelptorescueLuckily,theworkersmanaged7.________(pull)thebabytosafety.Whatfollowedwasa8.________(touch)scene.Assoonasthebabywasfreed,itranawayacrosstheplain.Inthedistance,thecriesofhermothercouldbeheardasshecame9.________(run)fromtheoppositedirection.Thetwowerereunited,10.________(hug)eachotherwiththeirtrunks.topulltouchingrunninghugging