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ChineseIntroduction•EditedByJinghuaZhu中国简介Contents•BasicInformation.•ChineseCulture,Elements&Scenery•ModernChina中国简介GeneralintroductionofChina4History:Morethan5000years1Population:1.3billionChinesepeople2Ethnic:Chinahas56ethnic3Area:9.6millionsquarekilometers，dividedinto23provinces5policy:Onecountry,twosystems中国简介SomethingrepresentofChina--porcelain中国元素Chinaisthehometownofchina.Theinventionofchinaisagreatcontributiontoworldcivilization.ThebeautyofchinamakestheworldunderstandChina.WhenhearingtheEnglishwordsofChina,whatkindoffeelingdoyouhave?InEnglish,chinaisalsomeanschinawareorporcelain.AsearlyastheEuropeanshaveporcelainmanufacturingtechnologyonethousandyearsago,Chinesepeoplehavecreatedaveryniceceramics.Chinaistheearliestcountrywithporcelaintechnology,andChineseporcelainwithitsusefulnessandartistryhasbeentheworld’spraiseandrespect.中国元素SomethingrepresentofChina--greatinventionsThefourgreatinventionsinancientChinaFourgreatinventionsofancientChinaareveryimportantcreationbyHanethnicworkingpeople,theyrefertopapermaking,thecompass,gunpowder,andprinting.FourkindsofitsinventionhadthemostsignificantimpactinancientChina,andeventhehistoryofworldscienceandtechnology.ThisviewpointwasfirstproposedbytheBritishscholarJosephNeedham,andlaterinheritedbymanyofChinesehistorian.FourinventionsgenerallyconsideredhadahugeroleinpromotingancientChinesepolitical,economicandculturaldevelopment,andtheseinventionsbyvariouswaystothewest,hasalsohadagreatimpactonthehistoryofworldcivilization.SomethingrepresentofChina--Chinesecharacters中国元素ChinesecharacterevolutionChinesecharactersevolvedovertimefromearlierformsofhieroglyphs,theywereinitiallymeanttobesimplepicturesusedtohelppeoplerememberthings.Afteralongperiodofdevelopment,itfinallybecameauniquecharactersystemthatembodiesphoneticsound,image,idea,andrhymeatthesametime.Thewritingsystem,whichwasextremelyadvancedinancienttimes,beganwithinscriptionsonbonesandtortoiseshells,andtheseareregardedastheoriginalformsofChinesecharacters.Afterwards,Chinesecharacterswentthroughnumerouscalligraphicstyles:bronzeinscriptions,officialscript,regularscript,cursivescript,runningscript,etc.ThefivebasicstrokesofChinesecharactersare:---(thehorizontalstroke),|(theverticalstroke,/(theleft-fallingstroke),\theright-fallingstroke,乙theturningstroke)Chinesewhichisthemostwidelyspokenlanguageintheworld.TherearemanyregionaldialectsofChinesealthoughthemostwidelyspokenisMandarinandCantonese.Chinesecontainsover49,000characters,butawell-educatedpersoncanrecognizearound6,000characters,about3,000arerequiredtoreadanewspaper.中国元素SomethingrepresentofChina--ChinesecalligraphyCalligraphyisanimportantpartofChineseart,it’salsoonbehalfoftheeastAsiancalligraphy.Chinesecalligraphy,whichisbasedonChinesecharacters,isaveryuniquevisualart,butthisuniquenessdoesnotpreventpeoplewhodonotknowChinesecharacterstoappreciateChinesecalligraphy.ChinesecharacterisanimportantfactorinChinesecalligraphy,becausetheChinesecalligraphyisproducedanddevelopedinChineseculture,andChinesecharactersisoneofthebasicelementsofChineseculture.CalligraphyistheartofChinesenative,hasitslonghistoryandprofoundtradition.VariousdynastiesofChinasincetheQinandHandynasties,quiteanumberofcalligraphyworkswerecreated,alotofgoodworktobecometheroyalfamily,aristocratsandliteratiofthemostpreciouscollections.Inaddition,Chinesecalligraphyhasarich,full,thetheoreticalsystemofsocialistconstruction,whichsuggeststhatthecalligraphyinancientChinaisaverymatureart.中国元素SomethingrepresentofChina--ChinesepaintingChinesepaintingisoneoftheoldestcontinuousartistictraditionsintheworld.PaintinginthetraditionalstyleisknowntodayinChineseasguóhuà(国画/國畫),meaning'national'or'nativepainting',asopposedtoWesternstylesofartwhichbecamepopularinChinainthe20thcentury.Traditionalpaintinginvolvesessentiallythesametechniquesascalligraphyandisdonewithabrushdippedinblackinkorcolouredpigments;oilsarenotused.Aswithcalligraphy,themostpopularmaterialsonwhichpaintingsaremadeonpaperandsilk.Thefinishedworkcanbemountedonscrolls,suchashangingscrollsorhandscrolls.Traditionalpaintingcanalsobedoneonalbumsheets,walls,lacquerware,foldingscreens,andothermedia.中国元素SomethingrepresentofChina–Chinesepaper-cuttingTheartofpaper-cuttingoriginatedinChinaanditcandatebacktothesecondcenturyC.E.sincepaperwasinventedbyCaiLunintheEasternHanDynastyinChina.ChinesePaperCuttingalsonamedJianzhi(剪纸);aspaperbecamemoreaffordable,paper-cuttingbecametooneoftheimportantartstylesinChinesefolkcultureandtheartformlaterspreadtootherpartsoftheworldwithdifferentregionsadoptingtheirownculturalstyles.Becausethecutoutsarealwaysusedtodecoratedoorsandwindows,theyaresometimesreferredtochuānghuā(窗花),meaningWindowFlower.Peoplegluedtheartontheexteriorofthewindowsandthelightcangothroughthenegativespaceofthecutout.Theartistmostoftenuseredpapertomakeartwork,buttheyalsousecolored-papertocollage.Normallypaper-cuttingartworkuseonthefestivalslikespringfestivals,weddings,childbirth;thepaper-cuttingalwayssymbolizesluckandhappiness.中国元素SomethingrepresentofChina–ChineseknotChineseKnotorChine