动词不定式的用法回顾及复习

不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语6.作表语7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用三.用法/功能Toseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.(1).主语•单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数•若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.isis(2).表语Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.(3)宾语think/consider/findit+adj.+todo常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,agree,learn,wouldlikechoose,decide,remember,try,plan,forget,need,offer,needtell,ask,allow,advise,invite,warn,choose,follow,help,wantsb.todosth.(4).宾补五看watchseelookatfindnotice三使letmakehave二听listentohear一感觉:feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,want等e.g.Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).注意1help后面的“to”可省去e.g.Theyoftenhelpthegrandma(to)carrywater.2see,hear,watch,feel,notice,lookat,find等表示感觉和let,make,have等表示使役的动词后面，不定式作宾语时要省“to”（注：被动语态不省to）Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.(5).定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.•不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有上大学的机会。2.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。3.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。e.g.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.他在找一个房间住。e.g.Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.他没钱没地方住。4.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。e.g.Doyouhaveanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)状语（表示目的或结果）inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too….to.,在一些短语中也有体现(7).独立结构•tobefrank,•tobehonest,Totellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.类似的结构(8)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.他不知道说什么。(宾语)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语)Myquestioniswhentostart.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语)注意：•在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Whynothavearest?•关于不定式中的小品词to(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.eg:Wouldyouliketogowithme?I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.eg:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?I’dliketobe.1.Myteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.A.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn3.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff4.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?----Itisaverygood_____.A.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy5.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.A.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade6.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.A.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned7.---IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.----Whynot___therebyboatforachange?A.totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogo8.Weagreed____herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto10.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone11.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep12.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake几对易混淆的词组：stoptodosth.停止去做某事doingsth.停止正在做．．．forgettodosth.忘记去做．．．doingsth.忘记已做了．．．remembertodosth.记得去做．．．doingsth.记得曾经做．．．1.Iforgottoaskyoutogotothebank.2.Itisveryimportanttoturnofftheelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.3.Iknowhowtomakeamouseoutofmyhandkerchief.4.Luckily,wedon’thavemuchmoreworktodo.5.Shewasverypleasedtohavetheopportunitytotravelwhileshewasyoung.6.Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork,andnowhergreatestwishistogetmarriedandhaveachild.•用括号内单词的适当形式填空•1.Weareglad__________(hear)thenews.•2.Youcan’tmakehim______(do)whatyouwant.•3.Idon’tknowwhere________(meet)her.•4.Didyouseehim__________(go)upstairs?•5.Itisbetter___(put)themoneyinthebank.•6.mysisiteristooyoung___(go)toschool.•7.I’llletyou________(do)yourself.•8.Wouldyoulike____(come)tomyhome?•9.Canyouhelpme______(clean)theroom?•10.You’dbetter_________(show)himhow________(use)thecomputer.•11.Theboyisoldenough________(dress)himself.•12.It’snice_________(see)youhere.•13.It’sverykindofyou_________(help)mewithmyhomework.•14.Wehavedecided_________(visit)Guilinnextweek.•15.Myparetsplanned_________(go)toNanning.•16.Pleaseremember_________(close)thedoorwhenyouleave.•17.Don’tforget______(bring)youbagtoschool.•18.I’mverytired,Let’sstop_________(rest).•19.Stop_______(talk).It’stimeforclass.•20.Thereisalotofhomework_______(do).Ihavenotime.•21.It’stoohothere.Wouldyoumind________(open)thewindows?•22.Whatmakesyou_________(think)I’mateacher?•23.Ioftenhearthegirl________(sing)inthenextroom?•24.Canyoutellmehow________(get)toyourhome?•25.Wedidn’tstop_________（have）arestunillwereachedtheend.