搜索
动词不定式讲解TheInfinitiveTheInfinitive动词不定式（TheInfinitive）一.动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成肯定式：todosth否定式：nottodosth.被动式：tobedone完成式：tohavedone(1)Hewantsmetomakeasentence.(2)Theteacherwarnedthestudentsnottobelate.(3)shedoesn'tliketobetreatedasaguest.(4)Iamsorrytohavetakenyousomuchtime.二.动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语,定语、状语等成份。判断下列不定式在句子中充当的成分。动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。IwanttoseeyouthiseveningAllyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补(1)作主语不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在谓语之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhour___gettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty__helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment__spendourholidayinthemountainstototo句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的）（是形容事物的性质的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.＝Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.＝youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.2)it作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.1.Wethoughtitbetter___startearly.2.Doyouconsideritbetternot__go?3.Ifeelitmyduty__changeallthat.4.Wethinkitimportant__obeythelaw.5.Iknowitimpossible__finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.tototototo常见动词有：口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择want,decide,hope,agree,choose,wish,need,promise(3)作宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate等Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere.1).接不定式做宾语1.Theywanted____(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?2.Hesaidhewished______(be)aprofessor.3.Iagreed______(go)therewiththedoctor.4.Mydaughterpreferred______(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.5.Hehadpromised______(give)meahand.togettobetogotodancetogive(4)作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1.Mothertoldme___comebackbefore10o’clock.2.I’llgetsomeone___repairtherecorderforyou.3.Whatcausedhim___changehismind?4.Iwishyou___comeassoonaspossible.5.Heaskedme___dotheworkwithhimtototototoadviseallowaskbegcauseexpectencourageforcegethateinviteorderwishobligewantwarnremindpromisepermitpersuaderequest…sb.todoseewatchlookathearlistentofeelnotice+sb.+dodoingdonemakelethavesb.beseenwatchedlookedatheardlistenedtofeltnoticed+todomadelet2).Ioftenhearthem(sing)thissong.Didyounoticeanyone(come)in?Iwouldhavehim(wait)formeforalongtime.注意：当这类动词转为被动语态时，其后的不定式则要加上“to”如：Heisoftenheard________thesong·Hewasseen_______theroom.tosingtoenter5)不定式作定语1)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?2)不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容Ihavenochancetogothere.3)被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.4)不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词Heislookingforaroomtolivein.1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_______.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_______?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruitC.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper（写上）4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopen（写）towriteontowritewith动词不定式做定语注意：如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如：Heislookingforaroomtolivein．Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith．(6)作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。Icameheretoseeyou．Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim，youwouldlikehim．(目的)(原因)(结果)(条件)1).目的状语:可放于句首,也可放于句末,前面可加inorder/soas/so…asto表强调.Hewenttoseetheartisthimself.Hestoppedtohavealook.Heransofastastogettoschoolintime2).结果状语:主要用在enoughto/too…to…/onlyto结构中。Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswer.Theyworkedhardenoughtofinishtheirwork.3).原因状语:主语+系动词+adj.+todo表感情的adj.有:happy,surprised,pleased,glad,sorry,anxious(忧虑),disappointed,careful,afraid,wrong.I’mverysorrytoseeyou.Hewasafraidtoleavehimhome（7）做表语：主语+系动词+不定式1).其主语多为抽象名词(wish,need)Mywishistobeascientist.Themainthingistokeepourroomclean.2).betodo可构成将来时态,表“准备/打算/计划/需要”;Sheistoreturnnextweek.Itwasabouttoleavewhenitstartedtorain.回顾整节课所学内容，然后选出下面习题正确答案1-I’mhungry,andIwanttoeatthecake.-What!itisnotgood_______A.foreatingB.tobeeatenC.toeatD.ateating2It’simportant_____andhelpful.A.tokindB.bekindC.kindD.tobekind3.IttookAliceandmeanhour______outtheproblem.A.toworkB.workingC.workD.forworking.4.Ifounditveryimportant______Englishwell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned5.It’sverynice_____youto______meaboutit.A.for;tellB.of;sayC.to;speakD.of;tellThanksalot!