The Not So Short Introduction to LATEX 2 Or LATEX2

TheNotSoShortIntroductiontoLATEX2OrLATEX2ein69minutesbyTobiasOetikerHubertPartl,IreneHynaandElisabethSchleglVersion2.2-Beta,25thJanuary,1996iiThisdocumentis\publicdomain.Itmaybeprintedanddistributedfreeofchargeinitsoriginalform(includingthelistofauthors).Ifitischangedorifpartsofitareusedwithinanotherdocument,thentheauthorlistmustincludealltheoriginalauthorsANDthatauthor(thoseauthors)whohas(have)madethechanges.Whenthisdocumentisusedcommercially,theGNUcopyleftapplies.Thankyou!MuchofthematerialusedinthisintroductioncomesfromanAustrianintroductiontoLATEX2.09writteninGermanby:[e-mail][e-mail]ssenschaftundForschungWienElisabethSchleglnoemailinGrazIfyouareinterestedintheGermandocumentyoucanndaversionupdatedforLATEX2byJorgKnappenatCTAN:/tex-archive/info/lkurzWhilepreparingthisdocumentIaskedforreviewersoncomp.text.tex.Igotalotofresponse.Thefollowingindividualshelpedwithcorrections,suggestionsandmaterialtoimprovethispaper.Theyputinabigeorttohelpmegetthisdocumentintoitspresentshape.Iwouldliketosincerelythankallofthem.Naturally,allthemistakesyou’llndinthisbookaremine.Ifyoueverndawordwhichisspelledcorrectly,itmusthavebeenoneofthepeoplebelowdroppingmealine.RosemaryBailey,DavidCarlisle,ChrisMcCormack,DavidDureisseix,Elliot,RobinFairbairns,AlexandreGuimond,CyrilGoutte,NeilHammond,RasmusBorupHansen,MartienHulsen,EricJacoboni,AlanJerey,ByronJones,DavidJones,AndrzejKawalec,ChristianKern,JorgKnappen,MaikLehradt,ClausMalten,HubertPartl,JohnReing,MikeRessler,BrianRipley,YoungU.Ryu,ChrisRowley,CraigSchlenter,andJosefTkadlec.PrefaceLATEX[1]isatypesettingsystemwhichismostsuitedtoproducingscienticandmathematicaldocumentsofhightypographicalquality.Thesystemisalsosuitableforproducingallsortsofotherdocuments,fromsimpleletterstocompletebooks.LATEXusesTEX[2]asitsformattingengine.ThisshortintroductiondescribesLATEX2andshouldbesucientformostapplicationsofLATEX.ForacompletedescriptionoftheLATEXsystemreferto[1,3].LATEXisavailableformostcomputersfromtheIBMPCupwards.Onmanyuniversitycomputernetworksthesystemisalreadyinstalled,readytooperate.InformationonhowtoaccessthelocalLATEXinstallationshouldbeprovidedintheLocalGuide[4].Ifyouhaveproblemsgettingstarted,askthepersonwhogaveyouthisbooklet.ThescopeofthisdocumentisnottotellyouhowtoinstallandsetupaLATEXsystem,buttoteachyouhowtowriteyourdocumentssothattheycanbeprocessedbyLATEX.ThisIntroductionissplitinto4chapters:Chapter1tellsyouaboutthebasicstructureofLATEX2documents.YouwillalsolearnabitaboutthehistoryofLATEX.AfterreadingthischapteryoushouldhavearoughpictureofLATEX.Thepicturewillonlybeaframework,butitwillenableyoutointegratetheinformationprovidedintheotherchaptersintothebigpicture.Chapter2goesintothedetailsoftypesettingyourdocuments.ItexplainsmostoftheessentialLATEXcommandsandenvironments.Afterread-ingthischapteryouwillbeabletowriteyourrstdocuments.Chapter3explainshowtotypesetformulaewithLATEX.Againalotofex-ampleshelpyoutounderstandhowtouseoneofLATEXmainstrengths.Attheendofthischapteryoundtables,listingallthemathematicalsymbolsavailableinLATEX.Chapter4addsinsomebitsandbobsaboutLATEXwhicharenotessential,butveryhandy.Amongotherthingsyouwilllearnhowtoincludeepsgraphicsintoyourdocumentsorhowtoaddanindextoyourpublication.viPrefaceItisimportanttoreadthechaptersinsequentialorder.Thebookisnotthatbigafterall.Makesuretocarefullyreadtheexamples,becauseagreatpartoftheinformationiscontainedinthevariousexamplesyouwillndallthroughoutthebook.IfyouneedtogetholdofanyLATEXrelatedmaterial,havealookinoneoftheCTANftparchives.FortheUSitisatftp.shsu.edu,forGermanyitisftp.dante.deandfortheUKitisftp.tex.ac.uk.Ifyouarenotinoneofthesecountries,choosethearchiveclosesttoyou.Ifyouhaveideasforsomethingtobeadded,removedoralteredinthisdocument,pleaseletmeknow.IamespeciallyinterestedinfeedbackfromLATEXnovicesaboutwhichbitsofthisintroareeas[e-mail]Engineering,SwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyThecurrentversionofthisdocumentwillbeavailableonCTAN:/tex-archive/info/lshortContentsThankyou!iiiPrefacev1ThingsYouNeedtoKnow11.1TheNameoftheGame.....................11.1.1TEX............................11.1.2LATEX...........................11.2Basics...............................21.2.1Author,BookDesigner,andTypesetter........21.2.2LayoutDesign......................21.2.3AdvantagesandDisadvantages.............31.3LATEXInputFiles.........................41.3.1Spaces...........................41.3.2SpecialCharacters....................41.3.3LATEXCommands....................51.3.4Comments.........................51.4InputFileStructure.......................61.5TheLayoutoftheDocument..................71.5.1DocumentClasses....................71.5.2Packages..........................71.5.3PageStyles........................111.6BigProjects............................112TypesettingText132.1LinebreakingandPagebreaking....