The-sad-young-men

Unit10TheSadYoungMenWhatadjectivesdoyouliketousetodescribeyoungmen,especiallycomparedwitholdpeople?Energetic,active,impulsive,creative,simple,naive,inexperienced,vigorous,passionate,romantic,idealistic,optimistic,cheerfulrebelliousTheSadYoungMenRodW.Horton(1910-)andHerbertW.Edwards(1891-1943):Jointauthorsofthebook,BackgroundsofAmericanLiteraryThought《美国文学思潮背景》,fromwhichthispieceistaken.Discussthefollowingquestionswithyourclassmates.1.Whoarethesadyoungmen?2.Whyaretheysad?Whatistheothernameforthem?3.Weretheyreallylost?ThebackgroundIn1914,WorldWarIbrokeoutinEurope.In1917,theUnitedStatesenteredthewaragainstGermany,whichwasdefeatedin1918.Afterthewar,theUnitedStateseconomyboomed.Butprosperitydidnotlast.Astockmarketcrashin1929ledtotheGreatDepression,adeepeconomicslumpinthe1930's.ThesadyoungmenandthelostgenerationBothrefertothesamegroupofpeople.ThefirstnamewascreatedbyScottFitzgeraldinhisbookAlltheSadYoungMenandthesecondbyGertrudeStein(格特鲁德斯泰因).TheremarkofGertrudeStein“youareallalostgeneration”,addressedtoHemingwaywasusedasaprefacetothelatter’snovelTheSunAlsoRises.《太阳照样升起》Thesenameswereappliedtothedisillusionedyoungintellectualsandaesthetes/'esθi:t/（唯美主义者）oftheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,whorebelledagainstformeridealsandvalues,butcouldreplacethemonlybydespairoracynicalhedonism[‘hi:d,nɪzəm]（享乐主义）.AnticonventiaonalandbohemianlifeoftheyounggenerationAftertheAmericanyoungpeoplereturnedhomefromthewar,theyfounditdifficulttoadjustthemselvestothesocietywhichwashypocritical.TheyfeltalienatedfromeverythingandrebelledintheformofoverthrowingtheVictoriangentility.ThusyoungintellectuallsflockedtoliveunconventionallyinGreenwichvillage.Soonnon-intellectuallsbegantoimitatetheirmannersasawaytoescapetheirsocialresponsibilityandthewholecountryfollowedsuit.DetailedexplanationTheimitationandAmerica’smaterialismdissastisfiedtheyoungintellectuals,somanywenttoliveinEuropeasexpatriates/ek’spetri:eɪt/侨民，butreturnedlateroutofhomesickness.Temperedbytheirlifeofexpatriation,theyproducedtheliveliest,freshestandmoststimulatingworksinAmerica’sliteraryhistory.StructureofthetextPartOne：Para1tointroducethesubject:lifeintheTwentiesandpeople’sreactiontoit.Parttwo：Para2-9tonarrateandanalyzethefactoftherevoltoftheyoungPartthree:Para10-11tobringthediscussiontoaconclusionandstatethethesis----thewriter’sremarkabouttheLostGenerationWhatisthewriter’scentralthesis?Thethesisisstatedinthelastparagraphoftheessay:“theintellectualsoftheTwenties,the‘sadyoungmen’,asF.ScottFitzgeraldcalledthem,cursedtheirluckbutdidn’tdie;escapedbutvoluntarilyreturned;flayed(痛责）theBabbits（市侩）butlovedtheircountry,andinsodoinggavethenationtheliveliest,freshest,moststimulatingwritinginitsliteraryexperience.”Theywerenotreallylost！二十年代的知识分子，即F斯科特菲茨杰拉德所称的“痛苦的年轻人”，诅咒过他们自己的命运但是并没有死去；逃离过但是自愿回来了；鞭笞过市侩之人但是热爱他们的国家，正因如此，他们给予了这个民族在其文学经历中所读过的最生动，最鲜活，最令人激动的作品。Part1.tointroducethesubject:lifeintheTwentiesandpeople’sreactiontoit.Whataspectoflifeoftheyoungergenerationinthetwentiesismentionedinpara1?Revolt(rebellion)No…more…than:mostRomanticize:浪漫化，以浪漫手法处理二十年代社会生活的各个方面中,被人们评论最多、渲染得最厉害的莫过于青年一代的叛逆之行Theslightestmentionofthedecadebringsnostalgicrecollectionstothemiddle-agedandcuriousquestioningsbytheyoung.Recollection:memory关于这个年代一些微不足道的话语都会引起中年人对过去的怀念和年轻人好奇的问题。Nostalgicrecollectionstothemiddle-aged&Curiousquestioningsbytheyoungtransferredepithet1.Ofthedeliciouslyillicitthrillofthefirstvisittoaspeakeasydeliciouslyillicitthrill:animproperactionbutenjoyableandexcitingSpeakeasy:Aplacetosellalcoholillegally第一次去黑酒吧的刺激的违法行为OfthebravedenunciationofPuritanmoralityDenunciation:condemnationPuritanmorality:extremestrictness过度严苛的道德制度和宗教体系，早期清教徒相信饮酒，赌博，演戏都是罪行对清教徒道德观勇敢的控诉amour[ə‘mur]loveaffair-----偷情，奸情,恋情Questionsaboutthenaughty,jazzypartiesNaughty:obscene,improperJazzy:playingjazzmusic年轻人则会问一些纵情狂欢的爵士舞会的问题Theflask-toting“sheik”Flask:烧瓶，小酒瓶sheik:charmingmanGuardsmentotingM-16sarestationedatourairports.拿着酒瓶子的美男子Themoralandstylisticvagariesofthe“flapper”andthe“drugstorecowboy”Vagary:eccentricideaorconduct异想天开，难以捉摸轻佻女和药店牛仔品行和作风上的古怪穿着奇装异服，行为古怪的轻佻女的问题和药店牛仔的事情flapper菲茨杰拉德在《轻佻女郎与哲学家们》中对20年代自由奔放前卫的年轻女子的称呼：追求时尚，鄙视正统，穿着短裙，头发很短，听非正统音乐。drugstorecowboy美国西部片中的临时演员，拍戏间歇经常流连药店，服用麻醉性或迷幻性药品。或者是在杂货店和其他公共场所徘徊试图打动女人的年轻男人，常被成为‘迷幻牛郎’或‘杂货店牛仔’summary:therebelliousbehaviorsofyoungergenerationofthe1920s1.visitspeakeasy(Prohibitionfrom1920-1933)2.denouncePuritanmorality3.fashionableexperimentationsinamour4.naughtyjazzparties5.drinkexcessively6.oddandeccentricdressandconductTheanswerstosuchinquiriesmustofnecessitybe“yes”and“no”----people’sreactiontothelifein1920s:PeoplecannotgiveasimpleyesornotosuchquestionsOfnecessity:必然地，不可避免地“no”becausewhatseemedsowild,irresponsible,andimmoralinsocialbehavioratthetimecannowbeseeninperspectiveassomethingconsiderablylesssensationalthanthedegenerationofourjazzmadyouth.回答‘不是’是因为当时社会中那些看似疯狂，不负责任和不道德的行为，以现代的眼光正确看待的话，远比今天一些年轻爵士乐迷的堕落行为好很多。Inperspective:正确地，关系恰当地Jazzmad:blindlyandfoolishlyfondofjazzPartII(2--9)tonarrateandanalyzethefactoftherevoltoftheyoungParagraph2:therevoltwa