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2Unit6Lessismore?SituationOne:Yourfamilyplantotravelabroadthissummer,andyouaretheonewhomakesthefinaldecisiontopickOnlyOnecountrytovisit.Thereareafewcountriestochoose:U.S.A.,Canada,U.K,Grace,Iceland,Switzerland,France,Italy,Spain,Germany,Russia,Singapore,Australia,andNewZealand.Youshouldmakethedecisionwithinacoupleofminutesduethelimitedtime.SituationTwo:Ifyougotoseeadoctor,andhetellsyouaboutdifferenttreatments,like“ChoiceAisXXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…;ChoiceBisXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…;ChoiceCisXXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…Doyouthinkyoucanmakethechoiceimmediatelythatyouwillneverregret?Dr.BarrySchwartz1.Asfaraschoicesinourdailylifeareconcerned,haveyoueverbeentroubledwithsuchdilemma:tokeepallortogiveupsome?Justasallpeoplehavetomakedecisionsintheireverydaylives,collegestudentsarealwaysfacedwiththedilemmaofmakingrightchoices.Facedwithanabundanceofoptionstochoosefrom,theycan’tbearthepaintoloseanyopportunityandhaveastrongdesiretokeepalltheoptionsopen.Theytrytoavoidsuchanemotionalloss,andwouldratherpaythehighcosttokeepallthedoorsofopportunityopen.6UNITSectionA2ObjectivesTotalkaboutwhethermoreisbetterthanlessTofurtherunderstandthetextToapplythephrasesandpatternsTomasterthecause-effectwritingskillLessismore?Doorcloser,areyou?DanAriely,Americaneconomistandpsychologist,wroteabookin2008entitledPredictablyIrrational(可预见的非理性):TheHiddenForcesThatShapeOurDecisions.Inthebookhechallengesreaders’assumptionsaboutmakingdecisionsbasedonrationalthought.Heexplains,“Mygoal,istohelpyoufundamentallyrethinkwhatmakesyouandthepeoplearoundyoutick.”DanAriely?XiangYuwasaprominentmilitaryleaderandpoliticalfigureduringthelateQinDynasty.Inabout207BC,XiangYuledtheChurebelforcestovictoryattheBattleofJulu(巨鹿之战)againsttheQinarmies.ThebattlemarkedthedeclineofQin’smilitarypower.TheyfinallybeattheQinarmy.TheBattleofJuluwasofcrucialimportanceinoverthrowingtheQindynasty,andithasbeenknownasthebattleof“SmashingtheCauldronsandSinkingtheBoats”(破釜沉舟).XiangYu&BattleofJuluIntroductiontoTransitionalparagraphBody:Dr.Ariely’sconclusionthebyDr.ArielyParas.1-3Paras.4Paras.5-9Paras.10-12Paras.13-14XiangYu’sstoryexperimentsuggestionsPartIintroducesastoryofclosingdoorstoopenwindowsofopportunityaboutXiangYu.PartI—(Paras.1-3)rivaladj.[onlybeforenoun]aperson,company,orthingthatcompeteswithanotherinsport,business,etc.竞争的，对抗的n.aperson,company,orthingthatcompeteswithanotherinsport,business,etc.竞争对手v.tobeasgood,impressive,etc.assb/sthelse与…相匹敌；比得上imperialadj.[onlybeforenoun]1.connectedwithanempire帝国的；皇帝的2.connectedwiththesystemformeasuringlength,weightandvolumeusingpounds,inches,etc.（度量衡）英制的Collocations:imperialarmy帝国军队imperialpolicies帝国政策imperialpower皇权motivatev.1.tomakesbwanttodosth,especiallysththatinvolveshardworkandeffort激励；激发;驱使;推动…甘愿苦干；2.[oftenpassive]tobethereasonwhysbdoessthorbehavesinaparticularway成为…的动机；是…的原因Whatmotivatedhertoleavehome?Heismotivatedentirelybyself-interest.Translation这个计划旨在促使员工更加卓有成效地工作。Theplanis(designed)tomotivateemployeestoworkmoreefficiently.convictionn.1.astrongopinionorbelief坚定的看法（或信念）2.thefeelingorappearanceofbelievingsthstronglyandofbeingsureaboutit深信；坚信；坚定；肯定convictionthat…3.theactoffindingsbguiltyofacrimeincourt;thefactofhavingbeenfoundguilty判罪；定罪；证明有罪convictionforsthShe'sawomanofstrongconvictions.Shehadafirmconvictionthatshewasalwaysright.Shehassixpreviousconvictionsfortheft.validatev.(formal)1.toprovethatsthistrue证实；确认；确证2.tomakesthlegallyvalid使生效；使有法律效力3.tostateofficiallythatsthisusefulandofanacceptablestandard批准；确认…有效；认可Collocations:tovalidateatheory证实理论tovalidateacontract使合同生效conquestn.1.[sing.,U]theactoftakingcontrolofacountry,city,etc.byforce征服；占领2.[C]anareaoflandtakenbyforce占领（或征服）的地区3.[C](usuallyhumorous)apersonthatsbhaspersuadedtolovethemortohavesexwiththem（爱情方面）被俘虏的人4.[U]theactofgainingcontroloversththatisdifficultordangerous（对困难、危险等的）控制Collocations:theconquestofdisease战胜疾病theconquestofnature对自然的征服theconquestofspace对宇宙的征服Thestatementlaidbarehisambitionforworldconquest.Whenfacingchoicesofrivaloptions,thinkaboutwhatXiangYuwoulddo.XiangYuorderedhistroops'cookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburnedaftertakinghistroopsacrossarivertoraidtheenemy.XiangYuexplainedthathisdecisionwasanecessitytoattainthevictory.Buthisunusualdecisionwouldbevalidatedonhisbattlefieldandinmodernsocialscienceresearch.IntroductiontoXiangYu’sstoryofclosingdoorstoopenwindowsofopportunity(Para.1)(Para.2)(Para.3)PartIIservesasatransitionfromtheancientstoryofXiangYutothemodernstoryofthestudentsatMIT.PartII—(Para.4)enlighteningadj.tendingtoincreaseknowledgeordissipateignorance有启迪的；使人感悟的enlightenv.(formal)togivesb.informationsothattheyunderstandsthbetter启发；开导；阐明Phrase:enlightensbabout〔on〕sth使(某人)领悟〔明白〕(某事)Wouldyouenlightenmeonyourplansforthefuture?请给我解释一下你将来的计划好吗?Translationbehavioral(behavioural)adj.relatingtothebehaviorofapersonoranimal,ortothestudyoftheirbehavior行为的；行为研究的emotionalandbehavioralproblemsprofitv(formal)togetsthusefulfromasituation;tobeusefultosborgivethemanadvantage获益；得到好处；对…有用（或有益）~by/fromsth/v.ing得益于TranslationShewillneverbeapr