新能源汽车电机驱动关键技术及发展趋势

1新能源汽车江苏省新能源汽车技术论坛2014.12.6于江苏镇江新能源汽车电机驱动关键技术及发展趋势电气工程学院教授电气工程学院教授盐城新能源汽车研究院常务副院长程明IEEEFellow,IETFellow江苏省汽车工程学会新能源汽车专业委员会主任提纲一、驱动电机技术特点与面临的挑战二、电动车驱动电机主要类型三电动车新型电机驱动技术三、电动车新型电机驱动技术四、电机驱动技术发展趋势2三大电：电机、电池、电控；三小电：空调、转向、制动一、驱动电机技术特点与面临的挑战追求高密度轻量小型化的极限，满足HEV、EV的应用需求一、驱动电机技术特点与面临的挑战安全可靠,具备强大的容错系统解决方案,无故障/低风险能力转矩密度大4调速范围宽3汽车驱动电机系统与工业电机系统的区别/MotordifferenceItemsPHEV/HEVMotorsIndustryMotorsAmbienttemperature(℃)－40～+14020～40OperationenvironmentVaried&severeInsideroom一、驱动电机技术特点与面临的挑战OperationenvironmentVaried&severeInsideroomCoolanttemperature(℃)75～15040Windingtemperature(℃)160～20075～130MountingbaseMobilityStationarySpeedrange(r/min)0～150003600AcousticnoiselevelVerylowLowProtectionSalt,spray,explosiveNospecialProtectionSalt,spray,explosiveNospecialReliabledrivedistance230～280kkmNomovementAcceleration/decelerationFrequenttransientMoststableMotorsizeandmassTightlimitationRelaxedSystemvoltageIsolated&VariedStablenetworkEfficiencyHighDepends5一、驱动电机技术特点与面临的挑战美国能源部提出的目标64驱动电机的主要类型二、电动车驱动电机主要类型7二、电动车驱动电机主要类型直流电机控制特性好有电刷与滑环，可靠性低感应电机感应电机结构简单可靠，成本低控制复杂，效率较低永磁无刷电机效率高，体积小，重量轻成本高，可靠性较低开关磁阻电机8开关磁阻电机结构特别简单，可靠性高，成本低功率密度较低，转矩脉动和噪喑较大混合励磁电机磁场可控，调速范围宽结构复杂，成本高5DCmotorInductionmotorPMbrushlessmotorSRmotorPMhybridmotor二、电动车驱动电机主要类型驱动电机的评价与比较motormotormotormotormotorPowerdensity2.53.553.54Efficiency2.53.553.55Controllability54444.5Reliability35454Maturity55543Cost45343Total2226262423.59EVmodelsEVmotorsFiatPandaElettraSeriesDCmotorMazdaBongoDCmotor二、电动车驱动电机主要类型ApplicationsoftractionmotorsinEVs.gConceptorG‐VanSeparatelyexcitedDCmotorSuzukiSeniorTricyclePMDCmotorFiatSeicentoElettraInductionmotorFordTh!nkCityInductionmotorGMEV1InductionmotorTeslaInductionmotorHondaEVPlusPMsynchronousmotorNiAltPMhtNissanAltraPMsynchronousmotorRAV4PMsynchronousmotorNissanLeafPMsynchronousmotorChlorideLucasSRmotorToyotaPriusPMBLDCmotorHondaCivicPMBLDCmotor1061、定子永磁型电机三、电动车新型电机驱动技术磁通切换永磁电机（双极性磁链）磁通反向永磁电机（双极性磁链）双凸极永磁电机（单极性磁链）11磁通切换永磁电机三、电动车新型电机驱动技术12/10极直槽磁通切换永磁电机1212/14极FSPM电机6/5极FSPM电机7三、电动车新型电机驱动技术13纯永磁电机的不足：三、电动车新型电机驱动技术调速范围窄弱磁运行时效率低1482、混合励磁电机HybridfieldexcitationbyPMsandDCfield三、电动车新型电机驱动技术byPMsandDCfieldwindingsSolidironrotor,henceveryrobustFluxstrengtheningforEVlaunchingFluxweakeningforEVcruisingSNSN'115EVcruisingFluxtuningforoptimalefficiency'1混合励磁电机增磁，产生大的起动三、电动车新型电机驱动技术F(V)PM转矩弱磁，扩大转速范围在线效率优化，提高能量效率No-loadEMFPM16能量效率No-loadEMF(V)HE9三、电动车新型电机驱动技术12/8极直槽混合励磁DSPM电机1712/10极直槽混合励磁FSPM电机3、磁通记忆电机(MemoryMotorDrive)PMsareonlinemagnetizedtodifftllf三、电动车新型电机驱动技术A-A-BBCD-C-DE-A-BBCD-C-DE-A-EA-BCE-EDCdifferentlevelsofmagnetizationUsetemporarymagnetizingcurrentpulseratherthancontinuousDCfieldcurrentSolidironrotor,henceveryrobust18-CB-EDC-DA-B-CBC-DFluxstrengtheningforEVlaunchingFluxweakeningforEVcruisingFluxtuningforoptimalefficiency10三、电动车新型电机驱动技术19记忆电机的控制效果三、电动车新型电机驱动技术20114、冗余电机及电机的容错控制三、电动车新型电机驱动技术定子永磁型容错电机21ΙΙΙABC三、电动车新型电机驱动技术ΠΠΠABC22冗余双凸极电机双通道磁通切换电机12容错控制i三、电动车新型电机驱动技术iaibidic72ºω一相开路运行23ie正常运行二相开路运行Fourin-wheelmotorsaccountforlateral5、轮毂驱动电机(In-WheelMotors)三、电动车新型电机驱动技术driveandrotationatapoint2413外转子永磁轮毂电机三、电动车新型电机驱动技术25轮毂驱动系统(In-WheelMotors)TireAirTireAir三、电动车新型电机驱动技术RinggearPlanetgearSungearStatorRotorStator26Low-speedgearlessmotorRotorRimRimHigh-speedgearedmotor14磁齿轮电机(MagneticGear)三、电动车新型电机驱动技术Outerrotor5.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*25.294117647*2608.5714285718.5714285718.5714285718.5714285718.571428571608.5714285718.5714285718.5714285718.5714285718.5714285718.571428571608.5714285718.5714285718.5714285718.5714285718.571428571608.5714285718.5714285718.5714285718.5714285718.5714285718.571428571608.5714285718.5714285718.5714285718.5714285718.5714285718.571428571608.5714285718.5714285718.5714285718.5714285718.5714285718.571428571Innerrotor4545454545454545InnerrotorOuterrotor27Stationaryring三、电动车新型电机驱动技术基于磁齿轮的复合轮毂电机28电动汽车的轮胎直接与磁齿轮的外转子连接。省去了机械齿轮箱和内转子，电机体积减小，转矩密度和可靠性大大提高。15Prototype三、电动车新型电机驱动技术29Magnetic-gearedin-wheelPMmotorwithtwoair-gaps.(a)Stator(b)Stationaryring(c)Outerrotor(d)Assembledmachine(a)(b)(c)(d)6、集成起动/发电机(ISG)Currently,thestartermotorprovideshighstartingtorqueforcoldcrankingandthegeneratorproduces三、电动车新型电机驱动技术torqueforcoldcranking,andthegeneratorproduceselectricityforbatterycharging.Itsuffersfrompoorutilizationofbothmachines,henceheavyweightandbulkysize.30166、集成起动/发电机(ISG)TheISGincorporatesbothfunctionsinasingleunit,hilliitithftiibltd三、电动车新型电机驱动技术whileeliminatingtheuseoftransmissionbeltsandflywheels.31双定子永磁ISGUsedoublestatorstoincreasetorquedensityforcoldcrankingUseversatilewindingconnectionstoprovidewide-speedgeneration.三、电动车新型电机驱动技术3217双定子电机绕组的不同连接方式及电压矢量图三、电动车新型电机驱动技术ABCABCEAEABCEE633XYZabcxyzEAEaEbEBEcECE4Mode4XYZabcxyzEaEbEBEcECE5Mode5XYZabcxyzEAEaEbEBE