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1.形式：它有三种形式：不定式(todo)，分词（现在分词doing、过去分词done），动名词(doing)2.定义：在句子中不是谓语动词叫做非谓语动词..在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分非谓语动词（非限定动词）非谓语动词特征：1）无人称和数的变化。2）不失去原意，可以加上自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。3）否定式不用借助于助动词在谓语动词前加not另外还有一些非动词的特征，相当于名词、形容词等，在句子里可以作这些词类所能用作的句子成分非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语动词。不受主语的人称和数的限制。动词不定式的基本形式•一般式：todo(表一般性的动作）被动式tobedone•进行式：tobedoing（表动作正在进行）被动式tobebeingdone•完成式：tohavedone（表动作在谓语动词之前发生）被动式tohavebeendone1作主语Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.•动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面一句可用如下形式：•Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.•常用句式:1、Ittakessb.+sometime+todo•2、It+be+形容词+for/ofsb+todo2.作表语但是：a.WhatIcandoeverydayis(to)studyhard.Hiswishistobeadoctor.MyjobistoteachEnglish.b.betoseek,betolet,betoblame3.作宾语1)动词宾语A.V1+to+V2a.Hewishestogoabroadb.Wehavedecidedtogivethemahand.c.IwanttowatchTV.常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,[例1]NMET2000第19题I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB该题考查疑问词+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…B.v+wh-+todo•2)介词宾语（but)•a.IhavenothingtodobutwatchTV.•b.Hedidnothingbutplaycards.•c.Hehasnochoicebuttostaybehind.•cannotbutdo•cannothelpbutdo•cannotchoosebutdo•3)v+it+o.c+todo•动词不定式作宾语，后面有宾语补足语的时候必须用it做宾语，将真正的宾语放在后面。•a.Hethinksitimportanttoworkhard•b.Iconsideritnecessarytocleanourclassroomeveryday.•4.作定语•a.Manager,doyouhaveanythingtobetyped?•b.Asatypist,doyouhaveanythingtotypenow?•c.Iamfreenow.Doyouhaveanythingtotype?•d.Pleasegivemeanappletoeat.•e.Theywillmakesomecandlestogivelight.•f.Haveyouanythingtosend？（自己寄）•g.Haveyouanythingtobesent?(别人寄）•其它的情况：•1）如果是序数词或者中心词被序数词修饰，用不定式作定语a.IwasthefirstwomantotravelaloneattheNorthpole.b.Shanghaiisthefirstcityintheworldtohavebuiltahigh—speedmaglevtrain.c.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.d.Womenandchildrenwerethefirsttogetintothelifeboats.e.Thelastonetocomepaysthebill.2)a.Theyhaveaniceroomtolivein.Theyhaveaniceroominwhichtolive.b.Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith..Pleasegivemeaknifewithwhichtocut.c.Ihavenopentowritewith.Ihavenopenwithwhichtowrite.d.Sheisthegirltogotoschoolwith..Sheisthegirlwithwhomtogotoschool.大家看看这些句子有什么特点？由此可以看出：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式修饰的名词/代词是不定式的地点、工具等，不定式后面必须用一个介词。3)名词是抽象名词，用不定式作定语，常见的有：ability,chance,idea,excuse，reply,belief,reason,attempt等。a.Hehastheabilitytoreadandwrite.b.Ihavenochancetogotocollege.请大家自己想些例句。Who?•请翻译下面的句子：a.Theoldmanhasagirllookafterhim.b.Theoldmanhasagirltolookafterhim.c.Theoldmanhasagirltolookafter.d.Theoldmanhasagirltobelookedafter.e.Theoldmanhasagirllookedafter.（这位老人叫一个女孩照顾他）（这位老人有一个照顾他的女孩）（这位老人有一个女孩要照顾）（这位老人有一个要照顾的女孩）这位老人叫别人照顾这个女孩）•5.作宾语补足语•一个动词的后面带有一个宾语意思仍然不完整时如果用动词进行补充说明就要用动词不定式（作宾语补足语）。如：•tellsb.todosth.•asksb.todosth.•ordersb.todosth.•但是：“吾看三室两厅一感觉”•5看-(see,watch,observe,notice,lookat)•3使-(let,make,have)•2听-(hear,listento)•1感觉-(feel)•这些动词真奇怪，主动语态to省去，被动语态又回来。–注意•hope(希望）•demand(要求）•后面•不能跟•动词不定•式的复合宾语。•只能说成：wishsb.todosth.requiresb.todosth.①表目的：Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.注意：不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致（常翻译成“为了”）wrong：Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.right：Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.6.作状语②表结果：•Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.•常用only放在不定式前表示强调：•eg.a.Ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout.b.Afewyearslaterhecamehomeonlytofindhishometownchanged.c.Ihurriedtothepostoffice,onlytofinditwasclosed.③表原因：Theywereverysadtohearthenews.④表程度a.It'stoodarkforustoseeanything.b.Thequestionissimpleforhimtoanswer.特别补充：•1.inorderthat.../sothat...•(主句的主语和从句主语一致时......)•2.so...that.../such...that...•(主句的主语和从句主语一致时......)•3.too...to...(太......而不能......)•4.be...enoughtodo•请用上面的结构分别造句。5.用在表语后面，这时如果用不定式的完成式，所表示的动作在谓语动词之前发生a.Iamgladtomeetyou.Iamgladtohavemetyou.b.Iamsorrytokeepyouwaiting.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.c.Shewashappytocomeyesterday.Shewashappytohavecomeyesterday.4251300110010101011010001010010116.too...to...(太...而不能...)。但是，如果too后面跟形容词：ready,easy,pleased,glad,willing,eager等时，含义却相当于very(十分，非常），此时too前面常还有only/but用以加强语气。a.Iamonlytoogladtohelpothers.b.Sheisonlytoopleasedtogo.never/nottoo...to...不太...所以能too...notto...非常...而不会不/而能...Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老学到老Sheistoohappynottocome.她非常高兴而不会不来。425130011001010101101000101001011..7.下列常用短语用作独立成分tobehonest=honestlyspeakingtobeexact=exactlyspeakingtobefrank=franklyspeakingtotell(you)thetruthtobehonestwithyoutobegin/startwithtomakemattersworsetobebrieftomakealongstoryshort......4251300110010101011010001010010118.下列单词（短语）的用法1）hadbetterwouldratherwhy(not)你能把他们所有的备考点说出来吗？2）prefer构成哪些短语？3）pretend/seem/happen后面常跟怎样的动词形式？4251300110010101011010001010010118.不定式的否定在其前面+not:.•nottodo/nottobedone/nottohavedone...9.to/inorderto/soasto10.不定式的被动式：•1)Ispeakloudlytobeheard.•2)Hefelthonoredtobeinvited.•3)Themessageissupposedtobesentassoonaspossible.•4)ThebookissaidtohavebeenputintoEnglish.•5)Manyrawmaterialsarewaitingtobeused.425130011001010101101000101001011•THANKYOU