Unit-1--workplace

Unit1WorkplaceUnit1新职业英语Unit1WorkplaceContentsBackNextHomeListening&Speaking4Warming-up1ReadingA2ReadingB3LanguageLab7LanguageLab7Writing5Mini-project6LanguageLab7Entertainment8Unit1WorkplaceWarm-1Warming-upTask1Workinpairs.Lookatthefollowingofficelayout.Discusswithyourpartnerandidentifythemarkedrooms.BackNextHome11.washroom2.departmentmanager’soffice3.meetingroom4.staffoffice5.multifunctionmeetingroom6.hallway7.receptionroom453627Unit1WorkplaceWarm-2-2Warming-upTask2Lookattheaboveofficelayoutagain.Maryisatthecompanygate.PleasetellherhowtofindMikeandJackintheoffice.BackNextHomeYougothroughthereceptionroomtothehallway.Thefirstroomonyourleftisthemultifunctionmeetingroom.Mikeishavingameetingthere.Keepgoingstraightalongthehallwaytillyougettotheendofit.Jackisworkinginthelaststaffofficeonyourleft.Sample:Unit1WorkplaceReadingAReadingATextTask1Task2BusinessKnow-howBackNextHomeUnit1WorkplaceTextA-1-1AnOverviewofInternationalBusinessNegotiationsManyeconomicreviewersassumethatinternationalbusinessdealswillhappennaturallyifonlythecorrectgovernmentalpoliciesandstructuresareinplace.Corporateleadersassumethattheycansimplyextendtheirsuccessfuldomesticstrategiestotheinternationalsetting.Bothoftheseassumptionsaremistaken.BackNextHomeReadingAUnit1WorkplaceTextA-1-2BackNextHomeReadingAPoliciesalonedonotcreatebusinessdeals;companiesdo.Businessexecutiveswillneedtobemuchbettereducatedaboutinternationalnegotiationsinordertomakesuccessfuldeals.Internationalbusinessnegotiationsarefundamentallydifferentfromdomesticnegotiations,andrequireadifferentsetofskillsandknowledge.Unit1WorkplaceTextA-2BackNextReadingAHomeTherearethreefactorswhicharecommontoallinternationalbusinessnegotiations,andwhichdistinguishinternationalbusinessnegotiationsfromdomesticones.Thefirstisthatininternationalnegotiationsthepartiesmustdealwiththelaws,policiesandpoliticalauthoritiesofmorethanonenation.Theselawsandpoliciesmaybeinconsistent,orevendirectlyopposed.Unit1WorkplaceTextA-3BackNextReadingAHomeAsecondfactoruniquetointernationalbusinessnegotiationsisthepresenceofdifferentcurrencies.Differentcurrenciesgiverisetotwoproblems.Sincetherelativevalueofdifferentcurrenciesvariesovertime,theactualvalueofthepricesorpaymentssetbythecontractmayvary,andresultinunexpectedlossesorgains.Theotherproblemisthateachgovernmentgenerallyseekstocontroltheflowofdomesticandforeigncurrenciesacrosstheirnationalborders.Andunexpectedchangesinsuchgovernmentalcurrencypoliciescanhavedramaticeffectsoninternationalbusinessdeals.Unit1WorkplaceTextA-4-1BackNextReadingAHomeFinally,culturaldifferencesareanimportantfactorininternationalnegotiations.Inadditiontolanguagedifferences,differentcultureshavedifferentvaluesandconcepts.Asaresult,certainideasmayhaveverydifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures.Forinstance,AmericansandJapanesetendtohaveadifferentviewofthepurposeofnegotiations.Americansseethegoalofnegotiationsastoproduceabindingcontractwhichcreatesspecificrightsandobligations.Unit1WorkplaceTextA-4-2BackNextReadingAHomeJapaneseseethegoalofnegotiationsastocreatearelationshipbetweenthetwoparties;thewrittencontractissimplyanexpressionofthatrelationship.WhattheJapaneseseeasareasonablewillingnesstomodifyacontracttoreflectchangesintheparties’relationship,Americansseeasatendencytobreakapromise.AmericaninsistenceontheoriginaltermsofthecontractmaybeviewedasdistrustbytheJapanese.Unit1WorkplaceTextA-5BackNextReadingAHomeCulturaldifferencesarealsopresentindifferentapproachestointernationalbusinessnegotiations.Someculturesprefertostartfromagreementongeneralprinciples,whileothersprefertoaddresseachissueindividually.Someculturesprefertonegotiateby“buildingup”fromaninitialminimumproposal;otherspreferto“build-down”fromamorecomprehensiveopeningproposal.Culturaldifferencesalsoshowupinthepreferredpacingofnegotiationsandindecision-makingstyles.Unit1WorkplaceA-Trans-1国际商务谈判概览许多经济评论家认为,只要政府政策正确，结构合理，国际商务交易就会自然发生。企业领导则认为,只需把在国内成功的策略扩展到国际环境中即可。这两种臆断都是错误的。政策本身不能产生商务交易，公司却可以。而为了成功达成交易，公司主管们也必须接受国际谈判方面更充分的培训。国际商务谈判从根本上有别于国内谈判，需要一套不同的技巧和知识。ReadingABackUnit1WorkplaceA-Trans-2ReadingABack不同的国际商务谈判有三种共同的要素，这也使其有别于国内谈判。首先，在国际商务谈判中，谈判方必须应对不止一国的法律、政策和政府机构。这些法律和政策可能相互不一致，甚至是针锋相对的。Unit1WorkplaceA-Trans-3ReadingABack其次，不同货币的存在是国际商务谈判所特有的。不同的货币会引发两个问题。由于不同货币的相对价值会随时变化，合同签订的价格或者款项的实际价值也会随之改变，从而产生意想不到的损失或收益。第二个问题是各国政府通常都会尽力控制国内外货币的相互流通。这种政府货币政策不可预期的变化会对国际商务交易造成巨大的影响。Unit1WorkplaceA-Trans-4ReadingABack最后，在国际谈判中文化差异也是一种重要因素。除了语言差异外，不同文化在价值和观念上也存在不同。因此，某些观念在不同文化中可能有着截然不同的涵义。例如，美国人和日本人在谈判目的上就持有不同的态度。美国人认为谈判的目的就是形成权利和义务关系明确的、有约束力的合约；日本人则认为谈判的目的在于建立一种双方之间的关系，书面合约不过是这种关系的表现形式。所以日本人认为由于双方关系的改变而修改合约的意图是合理的，在美国人眼中这却是一种毁约的倾向；而美国人对合约原始条款的坚持也可能会被日本人视为是对他们的不信任。Unit1WorkplaceA-Trans-5ReadingABack文化差异还体现在不同的国际商务谈判方式上。有些文化倾向于先在总体原则上达成一致，而另一些则倾向于先单个处理每项议题。有些文化喜欢从最初的小提议入手，自下而上进行谈判，而另一些文化则喜欢从更全面的开局议题入手，自上而下进行谈判。文化差异还会体现在所倾向的谈判节奏上和决策方式方面。Unit1Workplacev.tothinkthatsomethingistruealthoughyoudonothavedefiniteproofReadingAassumee.g.Wecan’tjustassumeherguilt.Backe.g.Ifhe’snothereinfiveminutes,we’llassumethatheisn’tcoming.Unit1Workplacev.t