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二○一二届毕业设计中型城市客车总布置设计学院：汽车学院专业：车辆工程姓名：项羽升学号：2201080217指导教师：余强完成时间：2012.6.10二〇一二年六月中型城市客车总布置设计┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊摘要本设计题目为《中型城市客车总布置设计》，通过对相关中型客车产品的调研及依据设计任务书，确定该客车为中型中级客车。此车长8.90m，宽2.5m，高3.29m，总质量13150k，主要用于城市区域内的短途客运。整体造型丰满圆润，大气而不失细腻典雅，曲线与圆弧和谐融洽，从各个角度向人们展示了一个精巧细致、动感十足的全新客车形象。前围简单而丰满，线条洗练，后围饱满、流畅、大气，能够给乘客带来深刻的印象。全金属车身蒙皮，前后围整体成型工艺，有效提高了车身蒙皮的刚度及强度，刚性好，重量轻。此车乘客区采用混合式布置，前半部分在前轮上采用纵置座椅布置，之后采用1+1座椅布置，客车后半部分采用2+2座椅布置，全车共有32个乘客座。驾驶区按照人机工程学布置，有效地降低驾驶员的工作强度，降低长时间驾驶的疲劳感，保障车辆行驶的安全性。国II排放标准，降低空气污染，充分满足客管部门的要求。本设计说明书简要介绍了此中型城市客车的产品开发意图、开发背景、主要结构特点以及相关技术参数。关键词：中型城市客车，结构特点，技术参数中型城市客车总布置设计┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊ABSTRACTThispaperisGeneralLayoutDesignofamediumcitybus.Onthebasisofdoingresearchestoseveralsimilarproductsandthedesigntaskdocument，thismediumgradebuswasdesigned.Thelengthofthebusis8.90m,thewidthis2.5m,theheightis3.29m，andthetotalweightofthebusis13150kg.Itismainlyusedforinnercityshort-distancetransportofpassengers.Theoverallmodelingisplumpandsmooth,simplicity、delicateandelegant,andthecurvesandarcsareharmonious,itshowadelicateanddynamicbustopeoplefromallangles.Frontsurfaceissimpleandplump,thelineisconcise,aswellastherearsurface,itcanbringadeepimpressiontopassengers.Itusestechnologyofbodyskinwithallmetalandthefrontandtherearforintegraltype.Thestrengthandstiffnessofthebodyskinofthebusareimprovedeffectively，andInthepassengercompartmentofthisbus,thetypeofthevehicleseat’sarrangementDesignis“1+1”inthefrontofthebus，and“2+2”inthebackofthebus，atotalof32passengerseats.DrivingAreaisarrangedinaccordancewithergonomics.iteffectivelyreducestheworkintensityofthedriver，reducesthefatigueofdrivingforalongtimeandmakesthebuskeepsafe.ItmeetstheStateIIemissionstandard.Soitcanreducetheairpollutionandfullymeettherequirementsofthebusmanagement.Inthispaper,thepurposeandbackgroundofdesign,themainstructuralfeaturesandtherelatedtechnicalparametersofthismediumcitybusarebrieflyintroduced.KEYWORDS:mediumcitybus,structuralfeatures,technicalparameters中型城市客车总布置设计┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊目录第一章绪论.................................................................................................................11.1国外中型客车行业技术特点...................................11.1.1客车的安全性继续得到加强.............................11.1.2客车的环保技术进一步提高.............................21.1.3客车的舒适性达到新的高度.............................21.2我国客车行业现状...........................................31.3我国在世界客车格局中的地位及发展方向.......................31.4现代客车未来发展趋势.......................................41.4.1客车的造型未来发展趋势...............................41.4.2我国客车造型的趋势...................................51.4.3客车的综合性能未来发展趋势...........................51.5我国中型客车近年产销状况...................................51.6我国客车企业现状...........................................81.7现代城市客车造型设计方法与理论.............................91.7.1城市客车的整体造型风格...............................91.7.2城市客车车身造型的发展趋势..........................10第二章设计原则及设计依据...................................................................................132.1设计原则..................................................132.2设计依据..................................................13第三章总布置设计...................................................................................................143.1车型、车身总体尺寸及车身结构确定..........................143.1.1车型的确定..........................................143.1.2车身总体尺寸........................................143.1.3车身结构的确定......................................143.2客车车内尺寸的确定........................................15中型城市客车总布置设计┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊3.2.1驾驶区布置..........................................153.2.2乘客区尺寸的确定....................................173.3主要总成结构型式及主要技术参数............................193.3.2车身主要总成型式和性能要求..........................213.4空调、暖风机、发动机的选取依据............................213.4.1空调的选取..........................................213.4.2暖风机的选取........................................223.4.3发动机型号的选取....................................22第四章整车性能计算...............................................................................................244.1汽车质量参数的确定........................................244.1.1整车整备质量确定....................................254.1.2汽车总质量确定......................................254.2重心位置及轴荷分配计算....................................26第五章动力性、燃油经济性、制动性、稳定性计算...........................................285.1动力性计算................................................285.1.1动力性计算基本参数..................................285.1.2客车动力性计算原理..................................295.1.3汽车动力性指标计算..................................305.1.4客车的动力性计算结果................................305.2客车燃油经济性研究........................................335.3客车制动性计算............................................345.3.1制动减速度的计算....................................355.3.2制动距离的计算......................................355.4客车稳定性计算............................................365.4.1纵向稳定性计算......................................365.4.2横向稳定性..........................................365.5通过性性计算..............................................365.5.1汽车最小转弯直径....................................37中型城市客车总