英美教育的比较(英文版)Differences-Between-Chinese-Education-

本人为英语师范专业的学生~之前做中外教育比较报告的时候上google搜集了一些资料，现在分享给大家~希望有用~DifferencesBetweenChineseEducationandAmericanEducationPassage112DifferencesBetweenChineseEducationandAmericanEducationPostedonJune1,2007byslkchinaThisanalysisisbeingpreparedforapresentationIamgoingtomakeattheInternationalConferenceonInterculturalEducationinHarbin,ChinaonJune22-24.Iwouldbeinterestedinreceivingyourobservations,comments,questionsaboutthedifferencesbetweenChineseandAmericaneducationalpractices.ClassSizeisthefirstnoticeabledifferenceatthemiddleschoolandhighschoollevel.Teacherstypicallyteachtwoclasses(inan8periodday)withfrom55to65students.Americansecondaryteacherstypicallyteachfiveorsixclasseswithclasssizesrangingfrom25to30.TheChineseteachersusetheirnon-teachingtimetogradepapersandtopreparefortheirclasses,exceptfortheheadteachers(banzhuren)whichwillbeexplainedlater.WhileAmericansthinkthecohortconceptisinnovative,Chinahasbeenusingitfordecades.ThroughoutChina,studentsbeginninginaschoolareputintoclassesandtheystayinthoseclasseswithoneanotherfortheentiretimetheyareinthatschoolunlesshighertestscorespermitthemtomovetoamoreadvancedgrouping.UnderstoodintheChinesesystemisthatthisgroupofstudentswilllearneachoftheirsubjectstogether.InAmerica,studentsarenotgroupedintosuchclasses.Instead,the30studentswhoaretogetherforEnglishclasswillberandomlysplitupintoanyoftheothersubjectsforthenextperiodandtheperiodafterthat,andsoon.Thenextyear,thestudentsaretotallymixedupagainintodifferentclasses.Occasionally,thesameclassofstudentswilltaketwocoursestogether,suchasEnglishandhistory,butthatisrare.TheChinesecarrythecohortconceptintotheuniversitylevelaswell.Myfourclassesofstudentsstaytogetherforalloftheirrequiredcoursesthewholetimetheyareatuniversity.ChinesestudentsstayinthesameclassroomfortheirmainclassesandtheirteacherscometothemwhileAmericanstudentschangeroomseveryperiodandtheroombelongstotheteacher.Thus,Chinesestudentsdon’thavehallwaylockers.Studentssitinthesameseatsforeachsubjectandkeeptheirmaterialsinashelfundertheirdesktop.Manystudentshaveclothcoversfortheirdeskandothermeansofmakingithomey.ChineseeducationisbuiltonwhatAmericanscalllooping.Theteachersofthestudentsintheenteringclasswillalsofollowtheirsamestudentstothenextgradelevelandthenext.InAmerica,itisveryunusualforteacherstomovewiththeirstudentsfromonegradeleveltothenextatthemiddleschoolorhighschoollevelletalonetoloopfortheentireperiodoftimethestudentisinthatschool.Attheprimaryschoollevel,studentsbeginingradeonewithateacherandstaywiththatteachereveryyeartheyareinprimaryschool.Myuniversitystudentsreflectonthatteacherasbeingsoveryimportanttothemthattheyreallydidn’twanttoleavethemwhenitwastimetogotomiddleschool.Americanteachers,ontheotherhand,tendtospecializeinthecurriculumandcontentforaparticulargradelevelandthenstayatthatlevel.Sometimes,teacherswhowanttoteacholderstudentswillasktomovetoahighergrade,butthenthatteacherwouldtypicallystayatthatleveluntilretirement.ThatpracticemeansthatinAmerica,subjectmatterandteacherpreferencemightbevaluedmorehighlythanstudentneedsorstudentlearning.AnothersignificantstructuraldifferencebetweenAmericanandChineseschoolsistheconceptofheadteacherorbanzhuren.Thebanzhurentakesadditionalresponsibilityindeliveringinstruction,supervisingtheirspecificclassofstudents,andinknowingtheirstudentsandthefamiliesofthestudentsandincommunicatingwiththosefamilies.Forlessthan200yuanpermonthmore,thebanzhurenwillarriveatschoolpriorto7:00a.m.toprepareforthedayandtoworkwithearlyarrivingstudents.Thestudentdayatthemiddleschoolendsat4:55andtheteachersleaveshortlyafterthat.Thebanzhurenwillnotonlyteachherspecificclassthatsheisinchargeofbutwillalsositinonmanyothersubjectsthroughoutthedaysoshecanmonitortheprogressofherstudentswithotherteachers,counselherstudents,andcontacttheparentsofthosestudentsifnecessary.Thebanzhurenwillmonitorherclassduringlunchandnapwiththemafterlunch.Onebanzhurentoldmethatsheislikeamothertothosestudentswhodon’thavetheparentalsupporttheyneed.Inaddition,atLiaoningNormalUniversityJuniorMiddleSchool(LNUJMS)thebanzhurensareexpectedtovisitthehomesandfamiliesofhalftheirstudentssometimeduringthefirsttermandtheotherhalfduringthesecondterm.ThesevisitationswouldtakeplaceonSaturdaysorSundaysoronholidays.Thebanzhurenwill,afterthreeyears,receiveabonusbasedontheacademicimprovementofherclass.InAmerica,theindividualteacherisexpectedtomakeparentcontactwhenastudentmisbehavesorisnotperformingatasatisfactorylevel.InAmericansecondaryschoolsthereisalsoapersoncalledaguidancecounsellorwhowillassistwithparentcontact.However,theguidancecounsellorwillhaveacaseloadof350to500studentsandsheoftenmustresorttogroupcounsellingsessions.TheChinesebelieveinmeritpayandinusingstudenttestscoresforteacherevaluation.Forexample,whenthe9thgradersleavemiddleschooltheyaretestedtoseewhichhighschooltheyarequalifiedtoattend.Sincethesameteachershavehadthosestudentsforthreeyears,theycomparetheirentryscoretotheirexitscore.Theclassesthatshowedthemostacademicgainresultedinthatbanzhurenreceivingabonusthatmightrangefrom3000yuanto6000yuan(onemontho