作业3一、选择题1.C2.A3.B4.D5.D6.C7.C8.D9.A10.D二、填空题1.泊松比。2.大于3.基本不变增大4.弯矩最远5.强度校核、选择截面尺寸和计算许可荷载6.几何变形、物理关系和静力平衡7.减小减小8.长度系数9.大10.相当长度三、计算题1.解:计算轴力N1F10kN()压N2F10kN()拉计算应力3N11F1010σ25MPa()A400压3N22F1010σ25MPa()A400拉2.解:(1)由题意可得,44zπDπdI646444yzπDπdI=I6464(2)由题意可得,33zBHbhI121233yHBhbI121210kN112220kN20kN10kN3.解:取结点B为研究对象,作受力图,由yF=0NBCFsin30100NBCF20kN()拉由xF=0NABNBCFFcos300--NAB3F20103kN()2压强度校核:BC杆3NBCBC+2F2010σ=33.3MPa[σ]A600AB杆3NABAB1F10310σ=17.32MPa[σ]A1000-故强度合格。4.解:求支座反力,由AM=0B4.25F31.34.2502BF3.91kN()由yF=0AF3.911.34.250AF1.62kN()作FQ图,计算弯矩极值MD:由yF=01.621.3x=0x=1.25mBCFP=10kNA30B10kN30FNBCFNAB1.3kN/mDCAB3m4.25m60120单位(mm)Ө1.25m1.62FQ图(kN)2.281.631.3kN/mDAMDx1.62kN1M图(kNm)1D1.25M=1.621.251.31.251kNm2B1.25M=1.31.251kNm2作M图,正应力强度校核:3zmaxzmaxmax22zM6M610σ==6.96MPa[σ]Wbh60120正应力强度合格。剪应力强度校核:*3QmaxQmaxzmaxQmaxmax3zhhFbFS3F32.281024τ===0.475MPa[τ]bhIb2bh260120b12剪应力强度合格。5.解:最大压应力发生在截面右边缘上。NxmaxP1P2P2P2maxP1P22x333FMF+FFe6Fe1σ=+=+=(F+F+)bhAWbhbhh616101040(20101010)12020201.75MPa6.解:计算柔度P3minminμlμlμl12μl1214λ====138.6λib0.1IhbA12hb可以用欧拉公式计算临界力,322293minPcr222hbπEπEIπ10100.150.112F===77.1kN(μl)(μl)12(14)7.解:计算各杆柔度图(a)μl2λ==ii图(b)μl0.71.30.91λ==iii图(c)μl0.71.61.12λ==iii显然,图(a)所示压杆首先失稳。作业4一、选择题1.B2.D3.D4.C5.A6.C7.C8.C9.B10.C二、填空题1.直杆2.位移3.轴力NPNFFlEA4.单位荷载实际荷载5.反反6.位移7.结点位移8.单跨梁9.位移法10.转动三、计算题*1.解:取图示坐标,分段积分,有:右段:21PqxM21M=x-1l(0x)2左段:P21Mqlx82M=x1-22(0xl)C端竖向位移:姓名:________________学号:________________得分:________________教师签名:________________qCABll/2qCABx2x11CABx2x1PCM(x)M(x)Δ=dxEI222111l200l43l12200444xqlxqx()()(x)()282dxdxEIEIxxqql=[][]2EI416EI3qlql+128EI48EI11ql()384EI----2.解:(1)作MP图,(2)作M图,(3)计算横梁中点位移2cPPωyFlFl11ll()EIEI24216EIClADBlFPCADBFPMP图FPlFPlCADB1M图l/43.⑴解:(1)刚架为一次超静定结构,取基本结构如下图所示:X1为多余未知力。(2)写出力法方程如下:δ11X1+Δ1P=0(3)计算系数δ11及自由项Δ1P作1M图和MP图如下:C11ωy112144δ==6662EIEI23EIC1Pωy1211080==6906EIEI32EI(4)求解多余未知力:1P1111080ΔEIX=7.5kN144δEI(5)由式M=1MX1+Mp按叠加法作出M图如下:20kN/mEI=常量6m6m6mABCDX120kN/mEI=常量ABCD基本结构11M图ABCD6MP图(kNm)ABCD90M图(kNm)ABCD(90)4567.53.⑵解:(1)这是二次超静定结构,取基本结构如下图所示,X1、X2为多余未知力。(2)写出力法方程如下:δ11X1+δ12X2+Δ1P=0δ21X1+δ22X2+Δ2P=0(3)计算系数及自由项:作1M图、2M图和MP图如下:qEI=常量lllABCDEqEI=常量ABCDEX1X2基本结构{ABCDE1ll1M图ABCDE1l2M图ABCDE21ql8MP图3C11ωy112l2lδ==ll2EIEI233EI3C22ωy112l2lδ==ll2EIEI233EI3C1221ωy11llδ=δ=llEIEI236EI42C1Pωy121lql==lqlEIEI38224EI42P1PqlΔ24EI(4)求解多余未知力:将系数和自由项代入力法方程,得:334122llqlX+X+03EI6EI24EI33412l2lqlX+X+06EI3EI24EI解得:121X=Xql20(5)作最后弯矩图由式M=1MX1+2MX2+Mp得:2BA1qlM=l(ql)0020202BC1qlM=l(ql)0020202CB1qlM=0l(ql)020202CE1qlM=0l(ql)02020CDDCABECMM=M=M0{4.⑴解:结构有2个结点角位移,1个线位移。见位移法基本结构:4.⑵解:结构有2个结点角位移,2个线位移。见位移法基本结构:5.⑴解:(1)计算分配系数,BABABABABCBABCEI24S4i863μ===0.47EIEI23S+S4i+3i174+36434BCBA89μ1μ=10.531717ABCDE21ql8M图2ql202ql202ql2023ql40基本结构基本结构(2)计算固端弯矩,FABP11MFl=100675kNm88FBAP1MFl75kNm8F22BC11Mql=30460kNm88FCBM0(3)分配与传递计算(列表),(4)作M图。30kN/mCAB3m4m3m100kNEIEICAB78.5351.7667.9526.02(60)(150)M图(kNm)0.47分配系数固端弯矩分配与传递78.53最后弯矩0.53-7575-600-7.05-7.95-3.53-78.53-67.9567.950单位(kNm)5.⑵解:(1)计算分配系数,BABABABABCBABC0.75EI14S4i66μ===0.40.75EI1.5EI11S+S4i+4i4+46864BCBAμ1μ=10.40.6CBCBCBCBCDCBCD1.5EI4S4i1.58μ===0.61.5EIEIS+S4i+3i2.54+386CDCBμ1μ=10.60.4(2)计算固端弯矩,22FPAB22Fab4524M=40kNml622FPBA22Fab4524M=20kNml6F22BC11Mql=15880kNm1212F2CB1Mql80kNm12FCDP33MFl=40645kNm1616FDCM0(3)分配与传递计算(列表),(4)作M图。15kN/mCAB8m4m2m45kN0.75I40kN3m3mD1.5II0.4分配系数固端弯矩最后弯矩6.3636-400-2.86单位(kNm)-50.99-31.850.980分配与传递0.40.60.620-8080-45241218-21.2-15.99.543.184.77-1.91-1.430.570.860.290.43-0.26-0.126.687-0.130.050.080.030.04-0.02-0.02-0.01-24.5-68.368.3CABD50.9868.326.68(60)(120)M图(kNm)(60)24.525.8560.66