过去分词

Grammar动词的-ed形式动词的-ing形式分词I.ed-基本形式和意义动词的-ed形式，即传统语法所指的“过去分词”。它是动词的一种非限定形式。动词的-ed形式兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。动词的-ed形式和宾语或状语一起构成-ed分词短语.动词-ed形式的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。II.动词-ed形式在句法功能1.作表语1.1动词-ed形式表语时，其作用相当于adj.,说明的是主语的状态。Allthewindowsarebroken.Allhopeisgone.Thisarticleiswellwritten.Heappearedsatisfiedwithmywork.（1）完全形容化了的动词-ed形式：可以被very等副词修饰，可以有比较级等级形式。常见的有：bored,disappointed,excited,frightened,interested,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,surprised,tired,worried等。（2）有的动词-ed形式可以被副词well修饰，如：built,cooked,done,dressed,known,organized,prepared,written等。（3）其它副词也可以修饰动词-ed形式，如：deeplymoved,highlydeveloped,heavily--populated等。1.2动词-ed形式作表语时，其后可以接介词短语、不定式短语及that引导的宾语从句Heisverymuchdisappointedattheresult.Themotherwaspleasedtohearfromherson.I’msatisfiedthatyoudidn’ttellmealie.1.3“be+动词-ed形式”有可能是一个系表结构，也有可能是一个被动结构。Whyistheglassbroken?Bywhomistheglassbroken?(系表结构）(被动结构)Itiscoveredwiththickiceanddeepsnow.Yourtableshouldbecoveredbyawhitecloth.(系表结构）(被动结构)V-ing分词概述一作主语Noddingtheheadmeansagreement,whileshakingitmeansdisagreement.Usingbodylanguageinacorrectwaywillhelpcommunicatewithpeopleandmakethestayinaforeigncountryeasyandcomfortable.二作宾语WouldyoumindgivingatalktodayaboutDNA?Ifthepopulationkeepsgrowingsoquickly,therewillonlybestandingroomleftforusnextcentury.三作表语Therealproblemisgettingallthematerialsreadybeforetheendofthismonth.Childrenareafraidofthestonefiguresinthetemplewhichlooksofrightening.四作介词宾语However,mostofthetime,peoplefromthetwocountriesdon’thaveanydifficultyinunderstandingeachother.Hetookalongsomeofhispicturesinthehopeofgettingajobthere.五作宾语补足语ItcouldbeveryinterestingtowatchanArabandanEnglishmantalkingtogether.ThenIlefthimstandingbythecountersohappythatIalmostenviedhim.1.4动词的-ed形式与-ing形式作表语的区别Travelingisinterestingbuttiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。Theywereveryexcitedatthenews．听到这个消息，他们感到非常激动。凡表示“令人…的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到…”都用-ed形式。Multiplechoice:1.Aswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igot______frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed2.Thebusinessofon-lineshoppingsofarhasbeen_____forthesellerswhoarealreadyofferingtheirservices.A.disappointedB.disappointingC.disappointD.tobedisappointed3.----Shallwegoswimming?----OK.I’lljustgoandget_____.A.changedB.tochangeC.tobechangedD.changingBAA2.作定语2.1.单个动词-ed形式作定语,通常前置a.及物动词的动词-ed形式，具有被动和完成的意义。abrokencupawoundedsoldieranunexpectedvisitortheexcitedcrowdb.不及物动词的动词-ed形式，具有主动和完成意义。agrownwomanaretiredofficertherisensunfallenleavesC.合成的动词-ed形式amuch-neededreformwidely-heldopinions2.2.动词-ed形式的短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。aletterwritteninpencilthetreereflectedinthelakethemachinesproducedlastyear=aletterwhichwaswritteninpencil=thetreethatwasreflectedinthelake=themachineswhichwereproducedlastyear2.3动词的-ed形式与-ing形式作定语的区别动词的-ing形式表示正在进行的动作或主动关系，以及表示事物的属性、用途等；动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作或被动关系。thechangingworldthechangedworld（正在变化的）（变化了的）boilingwaterboiledwater（正在沸腾的)（已经沸腾过的）fadingflowersfadedflowers(正在凋谢的)（已经凋谢的）adevelopingcountryadevelopedcountry(发展中的)（发达的）Translationwork:另人恐怖的场景受了惊吓的马另人失望的孩子感到失望的孩子afrighteningsightafrightenedhorseadisappointingchildadisappointedchildCompletethefollowingsentences:Doyouknowtheman______(跟我们数学老师谈话的）？Ilostthepen_____(我叔叔买的）。talkingtoourmathsteacherboughtbymyuncle3.1.在感观动词feel,hear和see之后，如：Iheardmynamecalled.Hefelthimselfcheated.Isawhiseyesfixedonmeincuriosity.3.作宾语补足语3.2.在表示“希望，愿望，命令,忍受”这一类动词后面做宾语补足语，这类动词有：can’tbear,hate,like,love,need,prefer,want,wish等，如：Heneedshiscoatmended.Katewouldlikeherroompaintedwhite.Iprefereggsboiled.Wewishyourworkfinishedquickly.Iwantthesuitmadetohisownmeasure.3.3.在有些表示状态的动词后，这类词有：keep,leave,show等，如：Theykeptthedoorlockedforalongtime.Don'tleavethewindowsbrokenlikethisallthetime.Pleasekeepusinformedofthelatestdevelopments.3.4.在使役动词have后，通常有两方面的含义：1)表示让某人做某事。Ihavehadmybikerepaired.我已经找人修好了自行车。2)表示遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击等。Myeldersisterhadherwalletstolenlastmonth.上个月我姐姐的钱包被偷了.3.5.用在make之后，在这种结构中，动词的-ed形式的动词必须是表示结果含义的。Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.我提高了嗓门以便于被人家听到。Theymanagedtomakethemselvesunderstood.他们设法使别人明白他们的意思。Youmustmadeyourviewsknowntoeverybody.你要向大家说明你的观点。3.6.动词的–ed形式与-ing形式作宾语补足语的区别：1）在see,hear,watch,notice等感官动词后作宾补时，-ing形式表示正在进行的动作，强调当时的情景，为部分过程；动词的-ed形式则表示其与宾语之间为被动关系或有该动作已完成的概念。例如：Weheardhersingingthissongwhenwegotthere.我们到达时，听见她在唱这首歌。Weoftenhearthissongsungbyher.我们经常听见她唱这首歌。(歌是被唱)2)用在have,get,leave等动词后作宾补时，动词的-ing形式强调进行的状态或持续状态，动词的-ed形式表示被动关系。Wetriedourbest,butstillcouldn'tgetthemachinerunning.(强调启动，进入工作状态)Thefarmersgottheplantingdonebeforetherainscame.(被动，已完成)3)用在with复合结构中,动词的-ing形式表示主动关系，动词的-ed形式表示被动关系。Withtheboyleadingustheway,wehadnodifficultyinfindingherhouse.(主动关系，lead为男孩的动作)Withhomeworkdone，Jimwentouttoplayfootball.(被动关系，作业是被做)Multiplechoice:1.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound______inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked2.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.A．carryoutB．carryingoutC．carriedoutD．tocarryout3.Ifyouwant___immediately,youhavetogiveussomemoneyinadvance.A.thattheworkbedoneB.theworkdoneC.tohavedonethejobD.thejobthatisdoneBCB4.1.作时间状语Toldofhismother’saccident,Jackphonedthehospital.TranslatedintoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohavead