情绪智力理论的发展综述

28　6()200211Vol.28　No.6JournalofSouthwestChinaNormalUniversity(HumanitiesandSocialSciencesEdition)Nov.,2002徐小燕,张进辅(,400715)　:2090。2090:SaloveyMayer、Goleman,Bar-on。SaloveyMayer,GolemanBar-on。,:EQ-i,MEIS,ECI360,WPQei。。518。:;;:B842.6　　:A　　:1000-2677(2002)06-0077-06　　,(emotionalintelli-gence)。,20017,。2000,,。2000Bar-on《》(ThehandbookofEmotionalIntelli-gence),[1],Goleman、SaloveyMayer。Google35000,2000。,,,。,,。　　一、历史回顾,、、。,。。1920,Thondike(socialintelligence)。,“、”,、、、、,[2]。1937,ThorndikeStern[3]。1935,Alexander《:》(nonintellectivefac-tors)[4]。Alexander,、,,。1940,Wechsler(nonintel-lectivefactorsofgeneralintelligence)[5],1943[6]。,。1948,Leeper,(emotionalthought)(logicalthought)[7]。1983,Gardner(theoryofmultipleintelligence),,:(intrapsychicintelligence)(interpersonalintelligence)[8]。。,、、。77:2002-06-28:(1976-),,,,,;(1951-),,,,,。,。、,。SaloveyJmayer。,(emotionalintelligence),。,Leuner1966[9]Greenspan1989[10],Piaget,。,1985Payne“AStudyofEmotion:DevelopingEmotionalIn-telligence;Self-integration;RelatingtoFear,PainandDesire”,。,[11]。1990,SaloveyMayer[12]。,。EQ(emotionalquotient),Bar-on1988[13]。IQ,EQ,IQ。Goleman,SaloveyMayer,“EQ”[14]。。“EQ”,。,“EQ”,《》(Bar-onEmotionalQuotientInventory,EQ-i)[15]。,2090,,,。　　二、几种重要的情绪智力理论()SaloveyMayer1990,SaloveyMayer。1993[16]、1996[17],1997[18]。、。“、,、”。,。,。:(1)、:、;、、。(2):,;;;。(3)、:,“”“”;;;。(4):,;,。()Goleman1995,Goleman《EmotionalIntelligence》、、,。Goleman:(1);(2);(3);(4);(5)。,。Goleman:“,,”[19]。-----··············　　Goleman,1998,《WorkingwithEmotionalIntelligence》(emotionalcompetence)。“,78”[14]。,、,。Goleman[20]:()Bar-on1997,Bar-on。、。,[15]。,Bar-on(2000),。Bar-on,,;(relation-shipskills)[21]。Bar-on,、。,,。,。Bar-on,:(1)(intrapersonalcomponents);(2)(interpersonalcomponents);(3)(adaptabilitycomponents);(4)(stressman-agementcomponents);(5)(generalmoodcom-ponents)。15,。:①;②;③;④;⑤。:①(empathy);②;③。:①;②;③。:①;②。:①;②。Bar-on10,15,、。。(mentala-bilitymodels)(mixedmodels)。。SaloveyMayer。,,、。GolemanBar-on。Mayer、SaloveyCaruso2000,[22]:　　,。GolemanBar-on。Bar-on,。MayerSalovey。,,。　　三、测量情绪智力的工具,。,,、。79()Bar-onEQ-iBar-on1980、。17,1997《Bar-on》(EQ-i)。。EQ-i133,,,,:、、。,。、EQ、。EQ-i,EQ100,15(IQ)。EQ-i,(factorialvalidi-ty),16PF、MMPI(2)、PersonalityOrientationInven-tory、ZungSelf-RatingDepressionScale、ShortAcculturationScaleOverallLifeSatisfaction,[15]。EQ-i,,Buros(1999,2000)[23][18]。EQ-i,[24][25][26][27]。EQ-i,。,EQ-i,、[28]。Sitarenios(1998)EQi,、、、、、、、、、、、、、21EQ[29]。,,。、、。,EQ-i,300[30]。,EQ-i,、、。()(MultifactorEmo-tionalIntelligenceScale,MEIS)(MEIS),Mayer1998。。,、、。、。。,1999[31]。,。。MEIS,MayerMSCEITV1.0MSCEITV2.0。MSCEITV2.0141,MEIS[32]。()(EmotionalCompetenceInventory360,ECI360)(ECI),BoyatzisGoleman。Goleman“WorkingWithEmotionalIntelligence”。20,20Goleman,。ECI360,。ECI360,,。,。ECI360,,。、、、,ECI。()-Ei(WorkProfileQues-tionnaire-EIVersion,WPQei)WPQei84,。,,。Mayer、Salovey、GolemanOstell。WPQei,:,,,,,,。EQ,,。。,。,。,。。,、、,80,。　　四、我们对情绪智力的探讨,,[33][34][35][36][37]。。、、,,,,()。,、,、、、,。,,::、、、、。、、。:、、。、、、。:,,、。、、、。:、、。、、、。:,,。、、。,,,、、、。五、小结,。,。。、、、。Bar-on:“EQ(theeraoftheEQ)”[15]。,,。,?,?,?,?、,、,。,。:[1]　Bar-On,R.,&Parker,J.D.A,Handbookofemotionalintelli-gence:Theory,Development,Assessment,andApplicationatHome,SchoolandintheWorkplace[M].SanFrancisco,CA:Jossey-Bass.2000.[2]　Thorndike,E.L.Intelligenceanditsuses[M].Harper'sMag-azine,1920,140:227-235.[3]　Thorndike,R.L.,andStern,S.Anevaluationoftheat-temptstomeasuresocialintelligence[J].PsychologicalBul-letin,1937,34:275-284.[4]　Alexander,W.P.Intelligence,concreteandabstract[J].BritishJournalofPsychologySupplementary1935,6:9-177.[5]　Wecsler,D.Nonintellectivefactorsingeneralintelligence[J].PsychologicalBulletin,1940,37:444-445.[6]　Wecsler,D.Nonintellectivefactorsingeneralintelligence[J].JournalofAbnormalSocialPsychology,1943,38:100104..[7]　Leeper,R.W.Amotivationaltheoryofemotionstoreplace“e-motionsasdisorganizedresponses.”[J]PsychologicalReview,1948,55:5-21.[8]　Gardner,H.Framesofmind:Thetheoryofmultipleintelli-gences[M].NewYork:BasicBooks,1983.[9]　Leuner,B.Emotionalintelligenceandemancipation[J].praxisderkinderpsychologieundkinderpsychiatrie,1966,15:193-203.[10]　Greenspan,S.I.EmotionalIntelligence[A],InK.Field,B.J.Cohler,&G.Wood(Eds.).Learningandeducation:Psy-choanalyticperspectives[C].Madison,CT:InternationalUni-versitiesPress.[11]　Payne,W.LAStudyofEmotion:DevelopingEmotionalIn-telligence;Self-integration;RelatingtoFear,PainandDe-sire[A].DissertationAbstractsInternational,[C]47,(01),p.203A.(UniversityMicrofilmsNo.AAC8605928).[12]　SaloveyP,MayerJD.Emotionalintelligence[J].Imagina-tion,Cognition-and-personality,1990,9:185-211.[13]　Bar-On,R.Thedevelopmentofanoperationalconceptofpsychologicalwell-being[A].Unpublisheddoctoraldisserta-tion[C],RhodesUniversity,SouthAfrica.1988.[14]　Goleman,D.Workingwithemotionalintelligence[M].NewYork:BantamBooks.1998.[15]　Bar-On,R.BarOnEmotionalQuotientInventory:Technical81Manaual[M].Toronto,Multi-HealthSystemsIns.1997.[16]　MayerJD,SaloveyP.TheintelligenceofEmotionalintelli-gence[J].Intelligence.1993,17(4):422-433.[17]　MayerJD,GeherG.Emotionalintelligenceandtheidentifi-cationofemotion[J].Intelligence.1996,22:89-113.[18]　M