美国种族大熔炉

What’sthedifferencebetween“meltingpot”and“saladbowl”Theconceptofthe“meltingpot”:Themeltingpotisametaphorusedtodescribethefusion(融合)ofdifferentnationalities,ethnicitiesandcultures.WhichwasequatedwithAmericanization“.maybeItwastheidealizedprocessofimmigrationandcolonizationanditwasconnectedtoutopian(乌托邦)visionsoftheemergenceofanAmericannewman.熔炉指不同文化与种族的人移居到美国，融合到一起，创造了现在多元的美国文化。Theoriginofthe“meltingpot”:aJewfromEnglandnamedIsraelZangwillpennedaplayentitledTheMeltingPot”,whichwasopenedinWashingtonIn1908.afterthatThemelting-togethermetaphorcameintogeneralusage.however,SomeoldstockAmericansbelievedthatimmigrantscouldneverbeassimilated.Therecanbelittledoubtthatraceprejudiceisthegreatestsinglebarriertoassimilation(同化).名称主要来自于1908年上演的同名剧。大部分人认为种族偏见是文化融合的最大障碍。Americanhasbecomethethird-mostpopulouscountry,whilethenativepopulationisdecreasedasopposedtotheimmigrations.AlthoughthewhiteisstillthelargestconstituteofAmericans,50.4%ofAmericanchildrenundertheageof1belongedtominoritygroups(2012).RacemeltingObamaAmerican&KenyaKungfupandaMixed-bloodsCulturemeltingChinatownRacemeltingInthesaladbowlmodel,variousAmericanculturesarejuxtaposed(并列)—likesaladingredients.ThisideaproposesasocietyofmanyindividualculturesinadditiontothemixedculturethatismodernAmericanculture,andthetermhasbecomemorepoliticallycorrect(政治正确)thanmeltingpot.Theconceptofthe“saladbowl”:美国不同移民就像沙拉一样，虽然都在一个盘子里，却彼此独立。Xenophobia(排外心理)：ChineseExclusionAct(UnitedStates)（1880-1943）——ItwasoneofthemostsignificantrestrictionsonfreeimmigrationinUShistory,prohibitingallimmigrationofChineselaborers.KuKluxKlan：1stKlan（1865—1870s）2stKlan（1915—1944）3stKlan（since1946）——theyadvocatedextremistreactionarycurrentssuchaswhitesupremacy,whitenationalism,andanti-immigration,historicallyexpressedthroughterrorism.CulturalmosaicandKaleidoscope——isthemixofethnicgroups,languagesandculturesthatco-existwithinsociety.alternativemetaphors：文化马赛克文化万花筒