雅思基础写作第一讲

雅思大作文写作考试考查点有没有明确的中心观点有没有证明中心观点的论据能否充分展开论证有没有明确的开头、正文和结尾段落是否有明确的主题句和论证句句子和句子之间，段落和段落之间是否有衔接语法是否正确句法是否成熟选词是否得体、生动Newspapershaveanenormousinfluenceonpeople’sopinionsandideas.Whyisthisthecaseanddoyouthinkitisapositiveoranegativesituation?2009年3月5日Somepeoplethinkmusicplaysanimportantroleinsociety.Othersthinkitisitissimplyaformofentertainment.Discussbothsidesofthisargumentandgiveyourownopinion.2009年3月7日Moreandmorestudentschoosetogotoanothercountryfortheirhighereducation.Doyouthinkthebenefitsoutweightheproblems?2009年3月14日雅思大作文的类型第一大类：问题解决类题目中的问题提及原因分析(和“解决方案”)ForExample:Thereisahigherrateofjuveniledelinquency（youthcrime）today.Whatarethecausesandwhatareyoursolutions?2009年11月7日Theresourcesontheearthareaboveadangerouslevel.Whatthecausesofthisproblem?Howtosolvethisproblem?Thegapbetweentherichandthepooriswidening,astherichbecomesricherandthepoorbecomespoorer.Whatarethecausesofthisandcanyousuggestsomesolutions.Moreandmorechildrenareputtingonmoreweightthaneverbefore.Whatarethecausesofthisandanysuggestions.第二类议论文-同意不同意，观点比较题目问题中出现立场性的问题例如：What'syouropinion?Doyouagreeordisagree?Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?第三类：说明文题目的问题当中没有立场，需要描述事实注意关键名词，如：advantageanddisadvantage例如：DiscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesaboutthisWhataresomeoftheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthisissue?第五类：综合类题目中出现之前提到的两种文章组合例如：Towhatextentdoyouthinkconsumersareinfluencedbyadvertisements?whatmeasuresdoyouthinkcanprotectthem?说明+解决方案Anincreasingnumberofdevelopingcountriesareexpandingtheirtouristindustry.Whydoyouthinkitisthecase?Anddoyouthinkitispositive?说明文+议论文Womennowcandosomeworkwhichtraditionallybedonebymen.Whydoyouthinkthischangeshappened?Whatisyouropinionaboutthischange?说明文+议论文SomepeoplearguethatyoungpeoplearespendingtoomuchtimeonwatchingTV,whatdoyouthinkofit?Andwhatkindsofactivitiesshouldbeencouragedtothem？1.Someresearchreportssuggestthatthemajorityofcriminalswhoweresenttoprisonwouldcommitcrimesagainwhentheyaresetfree.Whatdoyouthinkofthesereports?Whatcanbedonetosolvethisproblem?2.Somepeoplebelievethatthosewhoarenottalentedinlanguagelearningshouldnotberequiredtolearnaforeignlanguage.Whatisyouropinion?3.Developingcountriesoftenrequesthelpfrominternationalorganizations.Somepeoplethinkthatfinancialaidisimportant.However,othersbelievethatpracticalaidoradviceismoreimportant.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.4.Moneyforpostgraduateresearchislimited.Therefore，somepeoplethinkfinancialsupportfromthegovernmentshouldonlybeprovidedforscientificresearchbypostgraduatestudentsratherthantheirresearchonlessusefulsubjects.Doyouagreeordisagree?5.Manypeoplethinkcompaniesandindividuals,insteadofgovernments,shouldpayforreducingthepollutiontheyhaveproduced.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?6.Thedevelopmentoftechnologyhaschangedthewaythatpeopleinteractwitheachother.Inwhichwaysdoesitchangethetypeofrelationshipthatpeoplebuildwitheachother?Doesthishavepositiveornegativeeffectonsociety?7.Thesubjectsandcoursecontentsforchildrenaredecidedbytheauthorities,suchasthecentralgovernment.Somepeoplethinkthatteachersshoulddecidetheseforstudents.Towhatextentdoyouagreeofdisagreewiththisopinion?8.Thenewsmediaareincreasinglyinfluentialtoday.Towhatextentdoyouthinkthisisapositivedevelopment?9.Whenwetraveltoforeigncountries,wetendtoseethesamethingsasweseeinourhomecountries.Whatarethecausesofthisphenomenonanddoyouthinkthisispositiveornegative?10.Somepeoplethinkthatstudentsshouldgotouniversityforfurthereducation.However,someothersclaimthatstudentsshouldgotolearnskillssuchasfixingcarsorconstruction.Whatisyouopinion?AssessmentCriteriaTA:TaskAchievement(任务完成)--1TR:TaskResponse(任务回应)--2CC:Coherence&Cohesion（内容连贯与篇章衔接）GRA:GrammaticalRangeandAccuracy（语法范围与精确性)IELTS写作新评分标准：LR:LexicalResource（词汇资源)语言能力思维能力Task2议论文评分标准：Arguments,IdeasandEvidence(论证，论点和论据)；CommunicativeQuality(交流质量)；VocabularyandSentenceStructure(词汇与句子结构)。1）Arguments,Ideasandevidence:内容切题，论据合理，论证充分。不要出现跑题。有的考生由于词汇量有限，导致题目中的单词不认识，从而写作的时候写离题了。例：Nowadays,internationaltourismisthebiggestindustryintheworld.Unfortunately,internationaltourismcreatestensionratherthanunderstandingbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Doyouagreeordisagree?如果考生不懂internationaltourism是什么意思的话，这道题是没法写的。但是，雅思写作涉及的词汇量并不是大得令人生畏，大概有六七千左右。考生万一碰到个把单词不理解的话，完全可以通过上下文加以推测。对策：对于单词，考生应该平时注意积累，应试时根据上下文推断。Evidence(论据)：关键要合理，并且能够证明论点。例1：Wildanimalshavenoplaceinthe21stcenturyandtryingtoprotecttheseanimalsisawasteofresources.Doyouagreeordisagree?有同学这样写道：Wecanhardlyimaginewhatourlifewillbelikewithoutwildanimals.Forexample,ifthereisnocat,therewillbemoremice.Theincreaseinthenumberofmicewillresultinthereductionoffoodresourcesandthespreadofdiseases.Thus,itisveryimportanttoprotectanimals.这里猫的论据是不合适的，因为猫不属于wildanimals(野生动物)。2）CommunicativeQuality(交流质量)CommunicativeQuality(交流质量)大体上与Task1的CoherenceandCohesion相同，也涉及文章中代词，关联词，同义反义词等的运用。常用的关联词：对比however,although,but,nevertheless；结果asaresult,asaconsequence,therefore,becauseofthis,otherwise；附加inaddition,additionally,furthermore,moreover；举例forexample,forinstance,suchas,including；强调infact,indeed；VocabularyandSentenceStruc