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TOYSTORY4/21/2020Fastreading---questions:1.whatisthisarticlemainlyabout?2.whydoadvertiserstryhardtomarketdirectlytochildren?3.howischildadvertisingmadeasscientificaspossible?4.canyoufigureoutthestructureofthisarticle?4/21/2020questionforfurtherreading:canchildrenunderstandads?cantheygraspthepurposeofads?4/21/2020•mainstructure:•1-3beginning(anexample+aman'sopinion→topic:children&ads)•4-9background(sellingtochildrenbecomesabusiness)•10-27studies(includinganopeningconclusion)4/21/2020specificsturcture:SlideTitle??????para1NickyBuss:kidscanseethroughadspara2,3or:Canthey?para4,5,6,7Sellingtochildrenbecomesabusinesspara8,9children'scredulity→topicpara10,11backgroundtheory-Piaget'scognitivetheorypara12one25yearsoldstudypara13studiesin1990spara14JeffreyGoldsteinpara15,16HenryWellmanpara17,18problemsofPiaget'sstudypara19,20BrainYoungpara21,22Smithpara23,24BrainYoungpara25,26MerrisGriffithspara27Conclusionclosereading...closereadingAdvertisersliketotakeadvantageofchildren'snaturalcredulity./krɪ'djuːləti/=credulousness(slightlyformal)willingnesstobelievethatsth.isrealortrueTheplotofthenovelstretchescredulitytothelimit(=itisalmostimpossibletobelieve).closereadingsuccumb:/sə'kʌm/(vi.)tonotbeabletofightanattack,anillness,atemptation,etcThetownsuccumbedafterashortsiege.Theywereallofferedbribesandsomeofthemsuccumbed.succumbtosomethingHefinallysuccumbedtoLucy'scharmsandagreedtoherrequest.Shesuccumbedtothetemptationofanothernewcoat.closereadingcarpvi.tokeepcomplainingaboutsth.inanannoyingway•puppet:'pʌpɪt•1amodelofapersonorananimalthatcanbemadetomove,forexamplebypullingstringsattachedtopartsofitsbodyorbyputtingyourhandinsideit.ahandpuppet•apuppetshow•2(usuallydisapproving)apersonorgroupwhoseactionsarecontrolledbyanother•Theoccupyingforcessetupapuppetgovernment.glovepuppet•atypeofpuppetthatyouputoveryourhandandmoveusingyourfingerscynicismcynicn./'sɪnɪk/1apersonwhobelievesthatpeopleonlydothingstohelpthemselves,ratherthanforgoodorsincerereasonsDon'tbesuchacynic!2apersonwhodoesnotbelievethatsomethinggoodwillhappenorthatsomethingisimportantCynicswillsaythatthereisnottheslightestchanceofsuccess.cynicism/'sɪnɪsɪzəm/u.n.InaworldfullofcynicismshewastheonepersonIfeltIcouldtrust.brandliteratebrand:brandloyalty(=thetendencyofcustomerstocontinuebuyingthesamebrand)literaten.apersonwhocanreadandwrite;literatepersonadj.abletoreadandwritecomputerliterate...theycanseethroughmarketinghyperbolehyperbolenoun/haɪ'pɜːbəli/[un,cn,usuallysingular]awayofspeakingorwritingthatmakessomethingsoundbetter,moreexciting,dangerous,etc.thanitreallyisSynonym:exaggerationThefilmisbeingpromotedwithalltheusualhyperbole.He'snotusuallygiventohyperbole.isadgearedatchildrenevenethical?gearn.[countable,usuallyplural]machineryinavehiclethatturnsenginepower(orpoweronabicycle)intomovementforwardsorbackwardsCarelessuseoftheclutchmaydamagethegears.v.tomake,changeorpreparesomethingsothatitissuitableforaparticularpurposeThecoursehadbeengearedtowardsthespecificneedsofitsmembers.4/21/2020•Carelessuseoftheclutchmaydamagethegears.•离合器使用不慎可能损坏传动装置。•Disengagetheclutch(iefromthegearmechanism)beforechanginggear.•先松开离合器再换挡。•Thebrake(pedal)isbetweentheclutchandtheaccelerator.•制动器(踏板)在离合器和加速器之间。hingeon?hingeon/uponsomething(ofanaction,aresult,etc.)todependonsomethingcompletelyEverythinghingesontheoutcomeofthesetalks.Childrenarenotoriouslyfickle,andadvertiszershaveahardjobkeepingupwiththeircapricioustastes.fickleadj./'fɪkl/(disapproving)1changingoftenandsuddenlyTheweatherhereisnotoriouslyfickle.thefickleworldoffashion2(ofaperson)oftenchangingtheirmindinanunreasonablewaysothatyoucannotrelyonthemaficklefriend/behaviourfickleness/'fɪklnəs/noun[uncountable]theficklenessoftheEnglishclimateChildrenarenotoriouslyfickle,andadvertiszershaveahardjobkeepingupwiththeircapricioustastes.capriciousadjective/kə'prɪʃəs/(formal)1showingsuddenchangesinattitudeorbehaviourSynonym:unpredictableamoviestarwhowascapriciousanddifficulttoplease2changingsuddenlyandquicklySynonym:changeableacapriciousclimatecapriciously/kə'prɪʃəsli/advcapriciousness/kə'prɪʃəsnəs/noun[uncountable]sinistersinisteradjective/'sɪnɪstə(r)/seemingevilordangerous;makingyouthinksomethingbadwillhappenTherewassomethingcoldandsinisterabouthim.Thereisanother,moresinister,possibility.Weneedn'tassumethattherewasasinistermotiveforwhatshedid.sinistersinisteradjective/'sɪnɪstə(r)/seemingevilordangerous;makingyouthinksomethingbadwillhappenTherewassomethingcoldandsinisterabouthim.Thereisanother,moresinister,possibility.Weneedn'tassumethattherewasasinistermotiveforwhatshedid.sinistersinisteradjective/'sɪnɪstə(r)/seemingevilordangerous;makingyouthinksomethingbadwillhappenTherewassomethingcoldandsinisterabouthim.Thereisanother,moresinister,possibility.Weneedn'tassumethattherewasasinistermotiveforwhatshedid.