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264Vol.26No.420057ActaEcologiaeAnimalisDomasticiJuly2005(,400716)[],,,[];;[]S811.5[]A[]100425228(2005)0420103204,,2.41,3.51;1.61,22.21;2.41,2.631,,[1]NPK[2],:,;,;;,[3],,,75%,[4]50%,50%,,,5%-15%,50%40%80%,,,,[5]1,,;,:;;,,:();,,[6],199931%,[7][]2004207223[][](1968-),,,,:,,,,(),,,,,,JoseMartinez(2002)N15[8],,(),P,P,0.01%0.02%P,PP(),PN,P,P,P[9],,,P;,P,[10],,,,,,[11],,,,[12]2,,;,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,[13],;,,CH4NH3,CH4CO2N2O,CH415%,15%,CH4[14],CH40.768ö,CO20.714ö,N2O0.002ö[15],CH480130Tgö,1990CH41.249Tg,CH45%[16]NatalieAnderson(2003),,19953109kg,[17][18]NH3,,,3,,40126,,,,,,,,,,,,,[19],,300,[20]N,,0.2mgöL,,,0.1mgöL,,,,,NO3-N[21],[22]10mgöL[23],N,,,,,;,N,;6,,N[24]P,,PP,,,(USEPA)P0.05mgöL,P0.1mgöL50250[25],1.25%,CODcr1.5[26],,,,;,,,[27],,,;,(),,,,1mL3369;190100[28],,,,,,,[29],,[30]4,,,,,,:[1],,,.[J].,2001,11:72-74.[2]TheHealthState,Guidelinesforlivestockwastemanagement[R].PreparedbyHawaiiStateDepartmentofHealthWastew2aterBranch,June1996.[3]MaciejDzikiewicz.ActivitiesinnonpointpollutioncontrolinruralareasofPoland[J].EcologicalEngineering14(2000)429-434.[4]VincentH.Varel.Useofureaseinhibitorstocontrolnitrogenlossfromlivestockwaste[J].BioresourceTechnology,Octo2ber2November1997:11-17.[5]D.T.Edwards,T.C.Daniel.Qualityofrunofffromfescue25014:grassplotstreatedwithpoultrylitterandinorganicfertilizer[J].EnvironmentalQuality,1994,Vol.23,(3):579-584.[6]J.A.MooreandM.J.Gamroth,Calculating.Thefertilizerval2ueofmanurefromlivestockoperatins[M].Oregonstateuni2versityextensionservice.EC1094,ReprintedNovember1993.1-7.[7]ALICEN.PELL.IntegratedCrop2LivestockManagementsys2temsinsub2saharanafrica[J].Environment,DevelopmentandSustainability1:337-348,1999.[8]JoseMartinez,FabriceBeeline.Gestiondel’azoteensystemed’elevagedeveloppe[J].NatureSciencesSocietes,April2June2002:52-61.[9],.[J].,2003,24(2):96-101.[10]NwbraskaCattlemen,NebraskaPorkProducersAssociation.WorkshoponEnvironmentalPhosehorusIssuesandAnimalTroduction.LivestockandTheEnvironment.(DBöOL).http:öömanure.unl.eduöadobeöPWorkshop.pdf,tuesday,february22.[11]Giusquiani,P.L.,L.Cocezzi,M.Businelli,andA.Macchioni.Fateofpigsludgeliquidfractionincalcareoussoil[J].Agri2culturalandEnvironmentalImplications.J.Environ.Qual.1998,27:364-371.[12]Michaelb.Jenkins,a,DwightD.Bowmanb.Elizabetha.Foga2rtybandWilliamC.Ghiorsea.Cryptosporidiumparvumoocystinactivationinthreesoiltypesatvarioustemperaturesandwaterpotentials[J].SoilBiologyandBiochemistry,Au2gust2002,1101-1109.[13],.[J].,2002,7(6):92-96.[14],,,.[J].,2003,25(7)29-34.[15]Jung2JengSu,Bee2YangLiu,Yuan2ChieChang.Emissionofgreenhousgasfromlivestockwasteandwastewatertreat2mentinTaiwan[J].Agriculture,EcosystemsandEnviron2ment,2003,95:253-263.[16],,,.[J].Ambio,June,1996,25(4):292-295.[17]NatalieAnderson,RossStraderandCliffDavidson.Airbornereducednitrogen:ammoniaemissionsfromagricultureandothersources[J].EnvironmentInternational,Jun2003.[18]LarryD.Jacobson.Genericenvironmentalimpactstatementonanimalagriculture(DBöOL).http:öö[19],.[J].1994,10():60-67.[20],.[J].,2000,19(1):25.[21]EvansPO,WestermanPW.andOvercashMR..Subsurfacedrainagewaterqualityfromlandapplicationofseinelagooneffluent[J].TransASAE.1984,27(2):473-480.[22]AdamsPL,DanielTC,EdwardsDRet.Poultrylitterandmanurecontributionstonitrateeachingthroughthevadosezone[J].SoilSci.Soc.Sm.J,1994,58(4):1206-1211.[23]U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,PollutedRunoff,Chapeter2:ManagementMeasures(DBöOL).forAgricultur2alsources-1,http:öö[24]C.Berka,H.SchreierandK.Hall.Lindingwaterqualitywithagriculturalintensificationinaruralwatershed[J].Water,Air,andSoilPollution127:389-401,2001.[25]RickKoelsch.PrinciplesofEnvironmentalStewardshipIn2tendedOutcomes(DBöOL),http:ööpasture.ecn.purdue.eduö-schildreöquizölesson01.htmLivestock,EnvironmentalEngineer,UniversityofNebraska,Lincoln,Dec,2003.[26].[J].,2000,13(3):17-19.[27]JosephSchumacher.Surfacewaterpollutionfromlivestockproduction,agricultureandbiosystemsengineering(BDöOL),http:ööagbiopubs.sdstate.eduöarticlesöExEx1010.pdf,may2002.[28],,.[J].,2002,1:9-10.[29]SmithJH,DouglasCL.Bondurantja.microbiologicalquali2tyofsubsurfacedrainagewaterfromirrigatedagriculturalland[J].EnvironQual,1972,1(3):308-311.[30]RitterWF.Watershedmanagementandhydrology[J].CRCPressLLC,2001:136-158.ThePrducingandDamagingofEnvironmentalPollutionfromFecesofLivestockandPoultryPENGLi(SouthwestAgriculturalUniversity,Beibei,Chongqing400716,China)Abstract:Withtheexplosivegrowthoftheindustry,potentialenvironmentalpollutioncausedbyrais2ingpoultrybecomesmoreseriouswhilepeople’senvironmentalprotectionawarenessincreases.Ontheba2sisofanalysistheenvironmentalpollutionfromfecesoflivestockandpoultry,thispapercanprovideideaanddecision2makinggistfordealingwithits’environmentalpollution.Keywords:livestockandpoultry;feces;environmentalpollution60126