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TrafficJam——武爽1014841066英语2101WuhanOpticsValleysquareiscrowdedwithvehiclesAmassofpeopleespeciallystudentsarewaitingforbusesmuchtimebeingwastedwhentrafficJamhappensduringrushhoursWhytrafficJamsoccurfrequently•greatincreaseinthenumberofprivatecars.•slowandinefficientconstructionandimprovementoftheroadsandstreets.•insufficientmanagementofthetrafficsystemandthepeople'slackofawarenessoftrafficregulations•badweatherTrafficcongestionhasanumberofnegativeeffects•Wastingtime•Causingallkindsofdelay•Increasingairpollutionandcarbondioxideemissions•DisturbingemergencyHowothercitiessolvethisproblem?•NewYork•Paris•London•Tokyo•MadridNewYork——DevelopingITS(IntelligentTransportationSystems)Applicationofintelligenttransportationsystemdecreaseabout1.2millionperyearfromtrafficaccidents,andsave$26billionofthelossescausedbytrafficjamsandtrafficaccidentsParis——Long-termimplementationofbuspriority'Bicyclecity'planLondon——DeveloppublictransportHightrafficcongestionchargeAdevelopedmetronetworksystemTokyo——Three-dimensionaltraffic&Strictlawenforcement&GooddrivinghabitsMadrid——LivablecityarterialsystemPowerfulhigh-speedrailnetworkPresentsituationofChina'surbantransportationThegrowingChineseautomobilemarkethasalsobroughtmanyofthesocialproblemsofurbancongestionandgovernance,peoplefeelthecartobringtheconvenience,whilealsomoreandmoreenduringexcessiveoverdrafttheinconvenienceautomarketdevelopmentinurbanconstruction.MeasuresTrafficjamisabigproblem.So,notonlythegovernmentshouldtakesomemeasures,butalsoallthecitizensshouldmakeanefforttothetrafficproblem.Governmentshouldpassandenforcesomelowstotheeffectthattransportationwouldbemuchmoreconvenientandthetransportationsystemwouldbemorecompletely.Suchas,lessenthebusticketpricetoattractmorepeopletotakethebusesinsteadofdrivingtheprivatecars:expandthesubway:improvetheworkingeffectionofthepolicetodealwiththetrafficaccidentandsoon.Peoplecanridebikeifit'spossible.Whatthemostimportantiseveryonemustobeythetrafficruletoensureallthetrafficinorder.TherearesomeCountermeasure1.Roadinfrastructure2.Urbanplanninganddesign3.TrafficmanagementJunctionimprovementsGradeseparationbridgeortunnelReducingjunctionsReversiblelanes,wherecertainsectionsofhighwayoperateintheoppositedirectionondifferenttimesoftheday/daysoftheweek,tomatchasymmetricdemand.Thismaybecontrolledbycertainsignsorfacilities。Separatelanesforspecificusergroups。BuslanesaspartofabuswaysystemHOVlanes,forvehicleswithatleastthree(sometimesatleasttwo)riders,intendedtoencouragecarpoolingRoadinfrastructureUrbanplanninganddesignEstablishingstrategiesofgivingprioritytourbanpublictransportationdevelopment,buildingatransit-orientedcomprehensiveurbantransportationsystem,promotingindustrialeformofurbanpublictransportation,enhancingtheconstructionofurbantransportationinfrastructurefacilities,andacceleratingtheimplementationofTravelDemandManagement(TDM)measures。Trafficmanagement.1.Trafficreporting,viaradio,GPSorpossiblymobilephones,toadviseroadusers2.Variablemessagesignsinstalledalongtheroadway,toadviseroadusers3.Trafficcounterspermanentlyinstalled,toprovidereal-timetrafficcounts4.Convergenceindexingroadtrafficmonitoring,toprovideinformationontheuseofhighwayon-ramps5.Automatedhighwaysystems,afutureideaFutureurbantransportplanning----Wuhan