新视野第三版读写译第二册unit7课文文本及翻译

整理文档很辛苦,赏杯茶钱您下走!

免费阅读已结束,点击下载阅读编辑剩下 ...

阅读已结束,您可以下载文档离线阅读编辑

资源描述

Unit7sectionAWomanatthemanagementlevel女性管理者1WhenMonicaappliedforajobasanadministrativeassistantin1971,shewasaskedwhethershewouldratherworkforamaleorafemaleattorney.Iimmediatelysaidaman,shesays.Ifeltthatamale-boss/female-employeerelationshipwasmorenatural,needingnopersonalaccommodationwhatsoever.But20yearslater,whenshewasaskedthesamequestion,shesaid,Iwaspleasantlysurprisedthatfemalebossesaremuchmoreaccessibletotheiremployees;they'remuchmoresensitiveandintimatewiththeiremployees.1当莫妮卡1971年申请一个行政助理的工作时,有人问她想与男律师共事还是与女律师共事。“我马上说想与男律师共事,”她说。“我认为男老板和女雇员的关系更自然,丝毫不需互相调整。”但20年后,有人问她同样的问题时,她说:“令我感到惊喜的是,对员工来说,女上司更容易接近,她们更能理解人,员工更亲密。”preclude,discard,abandon,eliminate,abolish,dismisspreclude排除discard丢弃,抛弃(可指人也可指物)abandon放弃(某物)eliminate消除,淘汰abolish(依法)废除dismiss解雇2Femalebossestodayarestillfindingtheyfacesubtleresistance.Thereisstillasegmentofthepopulation,bothmenand,surprisingly,womenwhoreportlowtoleranceforfemalebosses.Thegrowingpresenceoffemalebosseshasalsoprovokedtwomajorquestionsthatrevolvearoundstyles:Domenandwomenmanagedifferently,and,ifso,isthatagoodthing?2今天的女上司仍然发现,她们面临着不易察觉的阻力。还是有一部分人——有男性,令人惊讶的是还有女性——说很难忍受为女性工作。女上司的不断涌现,也引出了与工作方式有关的两个主要问题:男人和女人管理风格不同吗?如果有不同,是一件好事吗?基因技术的发展为人类社会带来了巨大的利益,但如何安排由此产生的利益分配问题也成为一个世界性的难题。Thedevelopmentofgenetictechnologybringshumanbeingshugeprofits,aswellasaglobalpuzzleontheproblemofdistributionofinterestscomingfromthetechnology.3Monicaisdisposedtothinkso,onbothcounts.Nowa40-year-oldmotheroffour,sheispresidentofapublicsectorlaborunionwith45,000members.Relationswithmyemployeesareprobablydifferentfromthoseofmalemanagersprecedingme,shesays.Iknowwhatit'sliketohavetocallandsaymykidgotthemumpssoIwon'tbecomingin.Ihaveamoreflexiblestyle—notsoft,justmoreunderstanding.ThemanwhoisMonica'sassistantagrees,Shetendstodelegatemoreandisalwayslookingforaconsensus.Peoplearehappyandflourishbecausetheyhaveaninputintodecisionsandtheyarenotmerebystanders;theirenergiesareharnessed.Ontheotherhand,consensustakeslonger.3莫妮卡对这两个问题都持肯定的意见。莫妮卡现在40岁,有四个孩子,并且是一位拥有45,000名成员的公共部门工会的主席。“我与员工的关系可能跟在我之前的前任男性主管不同,”她说。“我知道当有人不得不打电话来说孩子得了腮腺炎而不能来上班是一种什么样的状况。我的风格更灵活,这不是软弱,只是多了一点理解。”莫妮卡的男助理表示赞成:“她往往放权更多,并总是寻求共识。大家都很开心,也有成就感,因为他们参与了决策,而不是单纯的旁观者。他们的能量得到了利用。当然从另一方面看,通过协商而达成一致意见需要的时间要长一些。”4So,arethedifferencessymbolicorreal?Plausiblestudiessuggestthatmenaretypicallyhierarchical,goal-orientedandfeelentitled.Women,bycontrast,managediplomatically,andsharepower.Thatpointofviewisoftenchallengedandargued.Someproclaimthatmenandwomenofsimilarbackgrounds,experienceandaspirationsbasicallymanageinthesameway.Thisviewisechoedbyyoungerwomen,especiallythosewhohaveencounteredlittlegenderdiscrimination.ThatwascertainlythelessonforNicole.Whenherfatherdiedofaheartattack,shewasanemployeeatapetroleumproductsexportcompany.Shequitandtookoverherfamily's160-acrefruitfarminSt.David'sCounty.Onherfirstdayinthefield,aworkercalledherdarling.Hewastryingtotestme.Iwasshakingwithanger,saysNicole,now34.Istooderectandsaid,‘Youwouldn'thavecalledmyfatherdarlingandyou'renotgoingtotakethatlibertywithme.Ifyoudo,I'llfireyou.'4那么,这种差异是象征性的还是实质性的呢?可靠的研究指出,男人通常有等级观念,以目标为导向,喜欢有权力的感觉。相反,女人则是灵活变通的,愿意分享权力。这一观点往往受到质疑和争论。有人宣称,有类似的背景、经验和抱负的男女,基本上管理方式相同。那些年轻女性,特别是很少遭受性别歧视的女性,也是这样认为的。妮可尔无疑从中得到了教训。当她的父亲因心脏病去世时,她是一家石油产品出口公司的雇员。她辞了职,接管了她家在圣大卫县160英亩的果园。她第一天出现在果园时,一名工人称她为“亲爱的”。“他是想试探我。我气得发抖,”现年34岁的妮可尔说。“我挺直腰板站在那里跟他说:‘你不会称我父亲亲爱的,所以你也没有权利这样称呼我。如果你再这样做,我会解雇你。’”5Whenwomenworkforwomen,adifferentdynamicoftentakesover.Susan,acashierinaTorontoauctionhouse,saysthatshehasexploredfriendshipswithsomeofherfemalebossesandfeelsshecanrelyonthemmore.Whilewomenmayfeelmoreateasewithafemaleboss,menoftenhavetomakeconcessionstothenewworkingstyles.Brian,amarinebiologist,says,IttookmeacoupleofyearsbeforeIfeltcomfortableenoughtorelaxaroundafemalemanager.Infact,myrelationswithherweremuchmorebusinesslike.5当女性为女上司工作时,往往会用一种不同的工作和交流方式。苏珊是多伦多一家拍卖行的收银员,她说,她与一些女上司建立起了友谊,她感到她们更能够依靠。虽然女性可能会觉得与女上司相处时更自然,男性却往往不得不作出改变以适应女上司新的工作方式。海洋生物学家布赖恩说:“我花了几年时间才能在与女经理共事时感到轻松自如。事实上,之前我与她的关系更多只是一种务实的工作关系。”6Tosomeextent,themale-femaledifferencescomedowntoconflictingstyles.Onefemalevice-presidentdiscussedthetimesheburstintotearsduringameeting.Menthinkthattearsareanuclearweaponinaconventionalwar.Theytakeexceptiontoawomancrying,inferringthatshe'sfeelingunhappyorviolated.Themenfailedtounderstandthatwhatpromptedhertearswasnothurtbutgenuinerage.Whenwecry,it'sbecausewehaveallthisvalidragethathasnoappropriaterelease,shesays.Womencry;mengetreliefbygoingonwiththeoffenseorbyveilingtheirfeelingstoappearcomposed.6从某种程度上说,男女之间的差异归根结底是工作方式的冲突。一位女副总裁谈到她在一次会议上忍不住落泪的经历时说:“男人认为女人的眼泪就是常规战争中的核武器。他们对女人的哭泣很不满,认为她们是感觉不愉快或受到了侵犯。”男人不明白,促使她掉泪的不是因为受到伤害,而是真正的愤怒。“我们哭泣是因为我们所有这一切合理的愤怒没有适当的地方释放,”她说。“女人通过哭来释放情绪,男人通过继续冒犯或掩盖自己的情绪以显示镇定自若来释放情绪。”7Deborah,presidentofafirmwithitsheadquartersinToronto,saysthatevenifmendounderstand,theysometimesreactdifferentlytotheidenticalinformationandtohercooperativemanagementstyle.7德博拉是一家总部在多伦多的公司的总裁,她表示,即使男人明白是怎么回事,有时他们对同样的信息、对她的合作型管理风格也会有不同的反应。8Deborahsaysthatherauthorityissometimesunderminedbyperceptionsabouthergender.Itstemsfromthewholesoci

1 / 4
下载文档,编辑使用

©2015-2020 m.777doc.com 三七文档.

备案号:鲁ICP备2024069028号-1 客服联系 QQ:2149211541

×
保存成功