从话题到问题-教育研究方法刍议-邓猛

2013.3EDUCATIONRESEARCHMONTHLY：■：，，、，；、。，、、。：；；：G40-032：A：1674-2311（2013）03-0025-05：，，，，，，；，，，，，，Email:[e-mail]，（），，，（100875）。、、[1]。，（），、。，，，。（），；。，（ResearchProblem）[2]。，、。，，，。。，“”、“”、“”。，：。，、，[3]。。、、、，、、（）、、、、[3]。，，(feltdifficulty)，、，[4]。，、、、、、[3]。25DOI:10.16477/j.cnki.issn1674-2311.2013.03.0062013.3，、、、、、，、。，“”、“”、“”，。，，“”，“”“”-，“”。，。“”、“”、“”，，。“”“”，“”，“”。，，，，。、、，、，。，，，，[5]。，、，，、。，。，①。，。，“”、“”、“”，，，，，，。，、、、、，，、、，[6]。，。、、，。、、，[2]。，，，、。，，“”，[3]。，、，、。，，、，、。、、，、[7]。，、、；，[3]。、，，；、，、，，“”(Why)、“”(What)、“”(How)[8]。，。“？”，“26”、。。，；，、、，。，。，（Open-ended）；，，、[9]。，“”，“”“”；“”，：“”、“”、“”。。、，。，、、；，[10]。，。，。，：1．。。2．。？、、、？3．。，，。、、[2]。，：1．。、。2．。、、、。3．。。、、、、[2]。，。，。，，[10]。，，，（、、），。、“”(Researchable)、，、[11]。Hopkins(1976)[12]Sax(1968)[13]“”：（1）?、。（2）？、？（）？？（3）、？，、，；。Maxwell(1996)[10]、。，，[10][14][15]：（1）。“”，，、，：272013.3，，。“”，、，（weakness）（gaps），。（2）。、，。（3）：、。Neuman(2000)[3]，、、。，、、、。[6]。，“”，“ⅹⅹⅹⅹ”，、，。（4）。Bernard(2002)[14]，，、、，、、。，“”，，[8]。，、，，。，，，、。，，。Neuman(2000)[3]，，--，--。，、，，；,、、；，、、；，。，，，“”、。，Neuman(2000)[3]，，。，“？”，，；“？”。，，，、、、、、，[2]。、，，，。，、，、、。、，“”[6]。，、“”，，，，。①“”、、；，。，“”。[1]Cohen,L.,Manion,L.,&Morrison,K..Researchmethodsineducation(5thed.).London:RoutledgeFalmer,2000.[2]Johnson,B.,&Christensen,L..Educationalresearch:28（19）、，、、，。[1][2].[M].:,2007：190，174.[3]：，［EB/OL］.，2006-08-14.[4][5].：[J].，2007，（9）.责任编辑：程方生CulturalConsciousnessandChineseBasicEducationYanYajun(CollegeofEducation,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou,Zhejiang310028,China)Abstract：Cultureisthefoundationofeducation.Educationalchangeinvolvessomeculturalchangeinevitably.Itcanbesaidthateducationalreformisonekindoffundamentalculturalchange.TherearedifferentculturalcharacteristicsofthereformofbasiceducationinbothChinaandUnitedStates，therefore,Chinesebasiceducationreformcanonlybeachangeonthebasisofits’ownculture.Itisnecessarytohave“culturalconsciousness”inthereformandnevertransplantbutdrawfromothers’experiencesanditisadvisabletoanalyzeandstudyAmericanculture，toreflectandinheritourtraditionalcultureinoureducationreform.Keywords:culturalconsciousness;ChinesebasiceducationreformQuantitativeandqualitativeapproaches.Boston:AllynandBacon,2000.[3]Neuman,W.L..Socialresearchmethods:Qualitativeandquantitativeapproaches.Allyn&Bacon,2000.[4]VanDalen,D.B.,&Meyer,W.J..Understandingeducationalresearch:Anintroduction.McGraw-HillBookCompany,1962.[5]Kitchener,R.F.Theconductofinquiry:Anintroductiontologicandscientificmethod.Lanham:UniversityPressofAmerica,1999.[6]，.[J].，2005，(1):1-7.[7]Whitney,F.L.Theelementsofresearch(3rded.).NewYork:Prentice-Hall,1950.[8]Lecompte,M.D.,Preissle,J.,&Tesch,R.Ethnographyandqualitativedesignineducationalresearch.SanDiego:AcademicPress,1993.[9]Creswell,J.W.ResearchDesign:Qualitative,quantative,andmixedmethodsapproaches(2nded.).ThousandOaks,Calif.:SagePublications,2003.[10]Maxwell,J.A.Qualitativeresearchdesign:Aninteractiveapproach.ThousandOaks,Calif.:SagePublications,1996.[11]Mason,E.J.,&Bramble,W.J..Researchineducationandthebehavioralsciences:Conceptsandmethods.Madison,WI:Brown&BenchmarkPublishers.[12]Hopkins,C.D.Educationalresearch:Astructureofinquiry.Columbus,Ohio:CharlesE.Merrill,1976.[13]Sax,G.Empiricalfoundationsofeducationalresearch.EnglewoodCliffs,N.J.:Prentice-Hall,1968.[14]Bernard,H.R.Researchmethodsinanthropology:Qualitativeandquantitativemethods(3rded.).Rowan&LittlefieldPublishers,Inc,2002.[15]Kirk,J.,&Miller,M.L.Reliabilityandvalidityinqualitativeresearch.BeverlyHills,Calif.:SagePublications,1986.责任编辑：武杰FromTopictoProblem:ReflectiononResearchMethodologyofEducationDengMengZhuZhiyong（SchoolofPedagogics，BeijingNormalUniversity，Beijing100875,China）Abstract：Thispaperanalyzesthedefinitionandcontentsoftopicandproblemrelatedtoeducationalresearchdesign.Itconcludesthattopicsaredefinedasageneralrecognitionorvagueideasaboutaspecificresearchphenomenonorfelt-difficultyanditlaysasolidfoundationforfurtherrefinementandfocus.However,theresearchproblemorquestionreferstoclearanddefiniteidentificationofthedifficultyexistingintheresearchcontext.Topicsusuallymeanthebeginningoftheresearch,anditneedstobenarroweddowntobesomespecificandclearresearchproblems.Thepaperalsodiscussespracticaltechniquesandstrategiesforrefiningresearchquestionsfromtopics.KeyWords:topic;problem;researchmethodologyofeducation!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!：29