Politics class and race

GuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况英语国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapter3GovernmentandtheCommonwealthTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英语国家概况ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesPoliticalPartiesElectionTheCommonwealthIIIIIIIVVCONTENTClassRaceForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesBooksRecommended---movesForrestGump阿甘正传SleeplessinSeattle西雅图不眠夜MyFairLady窈窕淑女SuaSha华沙Bornonthe4thofJuly生于7月4日AWalktoRemember初恋的回忆TheNotebook金色笔记SisterAct修女也疯狂PhantomoftheOpera歌剧魅影SavingFaceTheJoyLuckCub喜福会WhataGirlWants水情作女孩It’saWonderfulLife生命真理Crash撞车AnimalAreBeautifulPeopleWhenHarryMetSallyBraveHeart勇敢的心ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesnovelsPrideandPrejudice(1983)byJaneAustin(British)JudetheObscurebyThomasHardy(British)JaneEyreGoodEarth(1913)byPearlS.Buck(America,PulizerPrizefortheNovel;NobelPrizeinliterature)TheThomBirdsTheGreatGatsbyTheJoyLuckClubbyAmyTanForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesNon-fictionTheMostBeautifulProsesintheworld(双语)ChickenSoupfortheSoulSeriesBorntoWinThreeDaystoSee&TheStoryofMyLifebyHelenKellerCandidVoices---EssaysbyAmericanCollegeStudents(校园之音―――当代美国大学生文选)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesPartiesWhatisShadowCabinet?Whatis“frontbenches”or“governmentbenches”intheHouseofCommons?Docivilservantholdapoliticaloffice?ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries“Frontbenches”:TheteamchosenbythePrimeMinisterwillsitonthe“frontbenches”or“governmentbenches”(执政党成员）intheHouseofCommons.TheotherMPsareknownas“backbenchers”（普通成员）ThenextlargestpartyintheCommonsformsa“shadow”cabinetwhosemembersareresponsibleforcriticizinggovernmentministersandformulatingoppositionpolicies.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesDocivilservantholdapoliticaloffice?CivilservantsareservantsoftheCrown,theydonotholdapoliticalorjudicialoffice,andtheyarepaidwithpublicmoneywhichisvotedthroughParliament.Civilservantsareofficialswhoservetheelectedpoliticalgovernmentoftheday.Theythemselvesarenotelected.Theyarecareerofficialswhoremaininofficedespitechangesingovernment.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesHowmanybigpartiesintheUK?What’sthedifference?ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesOverallIntroductionTheParliamentoperatesonatwo-partysystem.Politicalpartiesoriginatedinthelate17thcentury.theWhigParty—LiberalPartytheToryParty—ConservativePartyWheredothemembersoftheparliamentmeet?ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesWheredothemembersofMPsmeet?ParliamentmeetsinoneofthemostfamousbuildingsinLondon,thePalaceofWestminster.Itsclocktower,housingBigBen,isknownthroughouttheworld.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesTheConservativePartyFromTories(apoliticalgroupwhichappearedunderKingCharlesII)DevelopmentTheLaborPartyByUnionists,liberals,socialistsandtheFabianSocietyComparativeDescriptiononthetwomajorparties:OverallIntroductionForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesTheConservativeParty(old)TimeTheLaborParty(young)ComparativeDescriptiononthetwomajorparties(cont.):3.0OverallIntroductionForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesTheConservativePartyRightwingpartyTheystandforprivateenterpriseandfreedomfromstatecontrol.CharacteristicsTheLaborPartyLeftwingpartyTheystandfornationalandcommunalgrowth.ComparativeDescriptiononthetwomajorparties(cont.):3.0OverallIntroductionForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesTheConservativePartymiddle&upper-middleclassPeopleofhigherpositionSupportersTheLaborPartyWorkingclassandcommonpeoplerelativelypoororunderprivilegedComparativeDescriptiononthetwomajorparties(cont.):3.0OverallIntroductionForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries3.1TheConservativePartythe“Right”landownersandbusinessmen,themiddleandupper-middleclassfreeenterpriseandprivatizationofstate-ownedfirmsForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesMargaretThatcher(1979-1990)—TheIronLadyprivatizedstate-ownedindustriesandpromotedamorecompetitivespiritinBritain’seconomyreducedoldagepensions,shortenedtheperiodofunemploymentbenefits,andcutchildbenefitscurbedthepowerofthetradeunions3.1TheConservativePartyForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesMargaretThatchercameintopowerduetohighinflationandlowgrowth:1979strikesOpinion:dislikenannystate,andthinksthatitencourageslazinessanddiscouragesentrepreneurship（企业家精神）→resorttoradicalpolicies:repudiated（抛弃）Keynesianandcorporatistpolicies,preferredfreeenterpriseeconomyForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries3.2TheLaborPartythe“Left”createdbythegrowingtradeunionmovementatth