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现在完成时的构成形式have/has+Vpp助动词过去分词否定疑问haven’thasn’tHaveyou……?Hashe……?•1.规则动词•2.不规则动词finish--finished--finishedlive--lived--livedcarry--carried--carriedstop—stopped--stoppedgo—went—gonesee---saw—seenforget—forgot--forgotten１.肯定句：主语＋have/has+过去分词＋其他成分。现在完成时态的句式：２.否定句：主语＋have/has+not+过去分词＋其他成分。3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语＋过去分词＋其他成分？4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋have/has＋其他成分？肯定句：Ihavecleanedmybedroom.否定句：Ihaven’tcleanedmybedroom.一般疑问句：Haveyoucleanedyourbedroom?特殊疑问句：Whathaveyoudone?不规则动词过去分词的构成1.三个主要动词is,ambearewaswerebeenhave/hashadhaddo/doesdiddone2.AAA型（三者一致）cutcutcutletletletputputputcostcostcostreadreadreadbeatbeatbeathurthurthurt3.ABA型（过去分词与原形一致）comecamecomebecomebecamebecomerunranrun4.ABB型（过去分词与过去式一致）bringbroughtbroughtfindfoundfoundhearheardheardkeepkeptkeptmakemademade此外还有babysit，build，buy，catch，feed，feel，fight，forget，hang，hold，lay，learn，leave，lie，lose，mean，meet，pay，say，,sell，send，show，sit，sleep，spell，spend，stand，sweep，teach，tell，think,win等等。5.ABC型（三者不一致）eatateeatengivegavegivenwritewrotewrittenseesawseengetgotgottenbeginbeganbegun此外还有go,take,know,speak,swim等等。现在完成时(have/has+v-ed)1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常和just,already,yet,等连用.(汉语常用“已经”“了”“过”来表达)例如:(1)Tomhasjustturnedoffthelight.(2)Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.(3)Theyhaven’theardfromSamyet.1.already:“已经”一般用在完成时态的肯定句中。eg:Ihavealreadyseenthefilm．already与yet区别2.already若用在疑问句中，常表示吃惊意外的语气。此时already常放在句末。eg:Haveyoufinishedalready?(我以为你没有做完，表示出乎意料。)3.yet：“还”一般用在完成时态的否定句和疑问句中。eg:Haveyoufoundyourruleryet？你已经找到尺子了吗？现在完成时(have/has+v-ed)2.表示从过去到现在之间的经历或经历,常和ever,never,before，sofar,once,twice,threetimes(表次数),inthepast+一段时间等词连用.(汉语中常用“过”来表示)例如:(1)HaveyouevervisitedtheUSA?(2)Ihaveneverbeentoaswimmingpool.(3)HehasflowntoLosAngelesbefore.多用于疑问句，问初次经历。表否定含义用于句末，表“之前”一段时间的表达方法有两种:注意:for和since所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.Hehasbeenawaysincelastweek.Hehasbeenawayforsevendays.Howlongfor:+段时间foranhourfortwoweekssince点时间(过去的),sinceninesincetwodaysago一般过去时态的时间状语从句sinceyoucamesinceyougothome.表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：1.Hehasleft.2.Hehasleftforthreeyears.3.Hehasbeenawayforthreeyears.×√√1.直接转化成延续性动词catch(get)acoldcome/go/becomegettoknowputonborrow/lendbuyhavehaveacoldbe终止性动词转换成延续性动词keepknow动作变状态wear2.转化成be+名词jointhearmy/Partygotoschoolbeamemberof…bein终止性动词转换成延续性动词beastudent动作变状态3.转化成be+adj/adv终止性动词转换成延续性动词动作变状态dieleavefinish/endbegin/startclose/opengotosleepgooutwakeupbecomeinterestedinbedeadbeawaybeoverbeonbeclosed/openbeasleep/sleepybeoutbeawakebeinterestedin4.转化成be+介词短语jointhearmy/Partygotoschoolarrivein/atbeamemberof…bein终止性动词转换成延续性动词bein/atschool动作变状态bein/at现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.HestudiedEnglishforfiveyears.（学习英语已经五年了，现在仍然在学）（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句①.我们买这本书三年了.Wehavehadthebookforthreeyears.Weboughtthebookthreeyearsago.②他感冒三天了.Hehashadacoldforthreedays.Hecaughtacoldthreedaysago.③自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.Ihavekeptthebooksincelastweek.④我成为一个学生两年多了.Ihavebeenastudentforovertwoyears.Iborrowedthebooklastweek.Ibecameastudenttwoyearsago.⑤MrBlack死了三年了。MrBlackhasbeendeadforthreeyears.MrBlackdiedthreeyearsago.⑥小明参军半年了。XiaoMinghasbeenasoldierforhalfayear.XiaoMingjoinedthearmyhalfayearago.⑦我们上了8年学了。Wehavebeenstudentsforeightyears.⑧下课10分钟了Theclasshasbeenoverfortenminutes.9.电影开始了一小时了Thefilmhasbeenonforanhour.一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如：Ihavevisitedthefactory.Ivisitedthefactorylastyear.二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。如：－Haveyouhadyourbreakfast?－Yes,Ihave.－Whendidyouhaveit?－Atseventhirty.三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：Hehasbeenaleaguememberfortwomonths.HejoinedtheYouthLeaguetwomonthsago.注意：这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如：Howmanywordshaveyoulearnedbyheart?Howdidyoulearnthembyheart?3.have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetohave/hasbeenin在某地呆了多长时间1.A:Where’sJim,LiLei?B:He______________hisschoollibrary.2.TheGreens_____________Chinaforthreeyears.3.We_____________theGreatWalltwice.It’sverybeautiful.hasgonetohavebeeninhavebeento表示去过某地,已经回来表示去了某地,还未回来翻译下列句子她曾经去过上海。ShehasbeentoShanghaibefore.他在上海10年了。HehasbeeninShanghaifortenyears他去上海了。HehasgonetoShanghai.He_________(work)inourschoolforoneyear.He______(come)toourschoollastyear/in2002.They__________(cook)thesupperalready.They_______(cook)thesupperhalfanhourago.hasworkedcamehavecookedcooked2.Thefamouswriter____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten3.—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better4.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see1.HaveyoumetMrLi______？Ａ.justB.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentagoＤＣＢC5.—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When___there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone6.—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finishBB