机械工程专业英语课件--L12

EnglishforMechanicalEngineering机械工程专业英语常州工学院机电工程学院徐红丽车床的特点：工件随主轴旋转，而刀具进给车床的类型：普通车床、转塔车床、仿形车床、单轴自动车床、多轴自动车床组成及原理：主轴箱：电机---齿轮变速---主轴尾座：锥孔+顶尖导轨：平、燕尾刀架：中拖板（流板箱）作横向进给，大拖板作纵向移动丝杠：加工螺纹光杠：切削外圆、端面机械工程专业英语预备知识Lesson24Lathes一、预备知识enginelathe普通车床turrentlathe转塔车床tracingandduplicatinglathe仿形车床single-spindleautomaticlathe单轴自动车床multi-spindleautomaticlathe多轴自动车床shape牛头刨床cylindricalgrinder外圆磨床planer龙门刨床centrelessgrinder无心磨床surfacegrinder平面磨床boringmachine镗床drillingmachine钻床millingmachine铣床broachingmachine拉床sawingmachine锯床gear-cuttingmachine齿轮加工机床Lesson24Lathes机械工程专业英语词汇二、词汇chip切屑collar法兰盘key键compoundrest小刀架，复合刀架T-slotT形槽threejawselfcenteringchuck三爪自定心卡盘chuck卡盘tailstock尾座reamer铰刀Onepass一次走刀gearing齿轮传动装置feedbox进给箱powerfeed机动进给carriage大拖板apron溜板箱Lesson24Lathes机械工程专业英语词汇二、词汇机械工程专业英语Amachinetoolperformsthreemajorfunctions:(1)itrigidlysupportstheworkpieceoritsholderandthecuttingtool;(2)itprovidesrelativemotionbetweentheworkpieceandthecuttingtool;(3)itprovidesarangeoffeedsandspeeds.Machinesusedtoremovemetalintheformofchipsareclassifiedinfourgeneralgroups:thoseusingsingle-pointtools,thoseusingmultipointtools,thoseusingrandom-pointtools(abrasive),andthosethatareconsideredspecial.课文分析Lesson24Lathes机械工程专业英语Amachinetoolperformsthreemajorfunctions:课文分析(1)itrigidlysupportstheworkpieceoritsholderandthecuttingtool;(2)itprovidesrelativemotionbetweentheworkpieceandthecuttingtool;(3)itprovidesarangeoffeedsandspeeds.机床能实现三大主要功能：(1)刚性支承工件或者夹具和刀具；(2)在工件和刀具之间提供相对运动；(3)提供一定的进给速度和主轴转速范围．Lesson24Lathes机械工程专业英语Machinesusedtoremovemetalintheformofchipsareclassifiedinfourgeneralgroups:thoseusingsingle-pointtools,thoseusingmultipointtools,thoseusingrandom-pointtools(abrasive),andthosethatareconsideredspecial.课文分析以去除切屑形式来进行加工的机床主要被分为四大类：使用单刃刀具切削的机床；使用多刃刀具切削的机床；使用随机刀具切削的机床(磨削)和适用于特殊场合的机床。Lesson24Lathes机械工程专业英语Machinesusingbasicallythesingle-pointcuttingtoolsinclude:(1)enginelathes(2)turretlathes,(3)tracingandduplicatinglathes,(4)single-spindleautomaticlathes,(5)multi-spindleautomaticlathes,(6)shapersandplaners,(7)boringmachines.课文分析Lesson24Lathes本质上，使用单刃刀具切削的机床包括：(1)普通车床；(2)转塔车床；(3)仿形车床；(4)单轴自动车床；(5)多轴自动车床；(6)牛头刨床和龙门刨床；(7)镗床。转塔车床没有尾架和丝杠，而在尾架的位置上装有一个装有一个能纵向移动多任务位主切削刀架（如：转塔刀架、回轮刀架），另外还具有辅助刀架（如：前、后刀架），能完成卧式车床上的各种加工工序。是一种多刀、多任务位加工的高效机床，加工效率比卧式车床高2~3倍。转塔车床的调整需花费较多时间，适合于成批生产。此外，转塔车床刀架的纵横向进给设有撞停定程装置，可自动控制铬镍钢件尺寸，保证成批工件尺寸的一致性，能自动实现机床的变速预选、进给量改变等操作，或整机半自动化和自动化操作，为一人多机看管和纳入自动线提供了条件。机械工程专业英语Machinesusingmultipointcuttingtoolsinclude:(1)drillingmachines,(2)millingmachines,(3)broachingmachines,(4)sawingmachines,(5)gear-cuttingmachines.课文分析使用多刃切削刀具的机床包括；(1)钻床；(2)铣床；(3)拉床；(4)锯床；(5)齿轮加工机床。Lesson24Lathes机械工程专业英语Machinesusingrandom-pointcuttingtoolsinclude:1)cylindricalgrinder,(2)centrelessgrinders,(3)surfacegrinders.Specialmetalremovalmethodsinclude:(1)chemicalmilling,(2)electricaldischargemachining,(3)ultrasonicmachining.课文分析使用随机刃切削刀具的机床包括：(1)外圆磨床；(2)无心磨床；(3)平面磨床。用特殊的方法进行金属切削的机床包括：(1)化学蚀刻；(2)电火花加工；(3)超声波加工。Lesson24Lathes机械工程专业英语Thelatheremovesmaterialbyrotatingtheworkpieceagainstacuttertoproduceexternalorinternalcylindricalorconicalsurfaces.课文分析Itisalsocommonlyusedfortheproductionofflatsurfacesbyfacing,inwhichtheworkpieceisrotatedwhilethecuttingtoolismovedperpendicularlytotheaxisofrotation.车床是通过工件相对刀具的转动来去除金属材料，以加工出外圆柱面、内圆柱面或锥形表面的。车床的端面切削也普遍用于平面加工。在端面切削加工中，工件旋转，而刀具作垂直于工件回转轴线方向的进给运动。Lesson24Lathes机械工程专业英语Theenginelatheisthebasicturningmachinefromwhichotherturningmachineshavebeendeveloped.Thedrivemotorislocatedinthebaseanddrivesthespindlethroughacombinationofbeltsandgears,whichprovidesthespindlespeedsfrom25to1500rpm.Thespindleisasturdyhollowshaft,mountedbetweenheavy-dutybearings,withtheforwardendusedformountingadriveplatetoimpartpositivemotiontotheworkpiece.Thedriveplatemaybefastenedtothespindlebythreads,byacamlockmechanism,orbyathreadedcollarandkey.课文分析Lesson24Lathes机械工程专业英语Theenginelatheisthebasicturningmachinefromwhichotherturningmachineshavebeendeveloped.课文分析Thedrivemotorislocatedinthebaseanddrivesthespindlethroughacombinationofbeltsandgears,whichprovidesthespindlespeedsfrom25to1500rpm.普通车床是车床的基本型，基于普通车床已经研制出其它类型的车床。驱动电机安装在地基上并通过皮带传动和齿轮传动来驱动主轴，以达到每分钟25到1500转的主轴转速。Lesson24Lathes机械工程专业英语Thespindleisasturdyhollowshaft,mountedbetweenheavy-dutybearings,withtheforwardendusedformountingadriveplatetoimpartpositivemotiontotheworkpiece.课文分析Thedriveplatemaybefastenedtothespindlebythreads,byacamlockmechanism,orbyathreadedcollarandkey.主轴是一根坚固的空心轴，装在重型轴承之间，其前端用来安装驱动盘(花盘)，以便把确定的运动传到工件。该驱动盘可借助螺纹、凸轮锁紧机构或借助一个螺纹垫圈和键固定在主轴上。Lesson24Lathes机械工程专业英语Thelathebediscastironandprovidesaccuratelygroundslidingsurfaces(way)onwhichthecarriagerides.ThelathecarriageisaH-shapedcastingonwhichthecuttingtoolismountedinatoolholder.Theapronhangsfromthefrontofthecarriageandcontainsthedrivinggearsthatmovethetoolandcarriagealongoracrossthewaytoprovidethedesiredtoolmotion.课文分析Lesson24Lathes机械工程专业英语Thelathebediscastironandprovidesaccuratelygroundslidingsurfaces(way)onwhichthecarriagerides.课文分析ThelathecarriageisaH-shapedcastingonwhichthecuttingtoolismountedinatoolholder.车床的床身是铸铁件，它提供高精度的磨削过的滑动表面(导轨)，其上放有拖板。车床