工业含氟废气的净化与利用

1,2(1.,550008;2.):,,;(),:,,,:;;;:TQ09:A:1006-4990(2010)07-0005-04Purificationandutilizationofindustrialfluoride-containingwastegasWangJin1,2(1.GuizhouIndustrialVocationalTechnicalCollege,Guiyang550008,China;2.GuizhouSecurityTechnicalTrainingCenterofDangerousChemicals)Abstract:Describedtheimportanceofpurificationandrecyclingofwastegaswhichcontainsfluorineinallusiontoitssourcesandhazards,andsystematicallyintroduceditspurificationmethodsinindustries,suchasmetallurgicalandchemi2cal.Comparedwaterabsorption,alkaliabsorptionpurification,andadsorptionpurificationmethods.Summarizedthebasicmethodswhichrecoversfluorinetoby-producehydrofluosilicicacid,fluorosilicates,andcryoliteinphosphatefertilizerindus2try.Speciallyintroducednewmethodsandprocesseswhichproduceshighvalue-addedproducts(suchassilicaandanhy2droushydrogenfluoride)bypurifyingandrecoveringfluorine-containingwastegasandbrieflyintroducedtheirreactionprin2ciplesandprocessflows.Resultsshowedthatlayequalstressonpurification,treatmentandcomprehensiveutilizationoffluo2rine-containingwastegasbytechnologicalinnovationcanrealizewin-winofcontrollingfluorinepollutionanddevelopingflu2orideresources,andcanpromotesustainabledevelopmentofenvironment-friendlyandresource-conservingmodernfluoridechemicalindustry.Keywords:fluoride-containingwastegas;purificationandrecovery;fluorideresources;developmentandutilization11.1,HF,HFSiF4,[1],11.2,;,,,[2]1HF,SiF4();(),,1.6mg/L(/)[3];,(SOx)(NOx),HF,SiF4,SO220;HF,542720107INORGANICCHEMICALSINDUSTRY,,,50%,,,,,,,56,:HF2mg/m3(F);8h40h2mg/m3(F)[4];HF7,,,,,,,22.1HF,,:NH3+HFNH4FSiF4,,:3SiF4+2H2O2H2SiF6+SiO2SiF4,:3SiF4+4NH3+(n+2)H2O2(NH4)2SiF6+SiO2nH2O,,HFSiF42.1.1,SiF4,,,,,,HFSiF4,,,(),(2832g/m3),(7580),,,,,98%;(+),99.9%,,(250400),(13g/m3),,,,,90%,,,,,;,,2.1.2HFSiF4,,,,,,,,,Na2CO3HFNaF,():2Al(OH)3+12NaF+3CO22Na3AlF6+3Na2CO3+3H2ONa2CO3,,,,NH4OHSiF4HF,,,2.2,,6427,,,,,,,,,,,Al2O3HFSO2,[5]HFSiF4,,,HF(2040mg/m3),,,HF,,,,,HFAl2O3,AlF3,,,,,,,,95%99%,2mg/m3;95%98%,3,(49%)6t,,,,20101100t;,,90%,600t,1/3,3%,6t(12t),,,3.1,,()22()w(H2SiF6)28%;(NaCl)()w(Na2SiF6)97%;()()w(NaF)98%()w(NaF)95%()+(NaFAlF3)()w(P2O5)0.05%;w(H2O)1.3%():;():3.2,,,,3.2.11),(),,SiO2,2):();();(-),720107:[6]3),,,,,,[7]3.2.22t/a,,[8],(AHF),,,,:1),SiF4HF,:H2SiF6SiF4(aq)+H2SO42SiF4+2HF+H2SO4(aq)SiF4,SiO2,:5SiF4+2H2O2H2SiF6SiF4+SiO2()2),(SiF4),SiF4HF;HFH2SO4,HF,,(HF),HF;,HFHFHF,HF,,HFHF,,AHFSiF4HF,HF,HF;SiF4H2O,,SiO2,,41),,,,,,,2),,,,3),,,,:[1].[M].:,2001:323-336.[2].[M].:,1994:339-340.[3]WS/T2562005[S].[4]GBZ2.12007():[S].[5],.[M].:,2004:413-415.[6],,,.[J].,2007,39(5):8-9.[7].[J].,2007(24):59.[8].[N].,2009-10-14.:2010-02-24:(1954),,,,10,2:[e-mail]8427