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1ModalVerbs2●ThebasicusesofModalVerbs6、dare7、need8、oughtto1、can/could2、may/might3、must4、shall/should5、will/would31.can1.表示能力Theparrotcanspeakthreelanguages.2.表示允许CanIborrowthebookfromthelibrary.3.表示可能性ShanghaicanbeverycoldinMarch.4.表示惊奇怀疑不确定(用于否定句，疑问句或感叹句）Howcanyoubesorude?could过去式；语气更委婉2.can与beableto1.Can表示习惯能力，而beableto表示经过努力而做成了某事。2.在否定结构中，二者可以互换。3.can./could+have+p.p1.在否定、疑问句中表示“对过去发生行为的可能性猜测。2.在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而未做”1.Thedoorwaslocked.Shecouldn’thavebeenathome.2.Youcouldhavebeenmorecareful.41.may1.表示可能性2.表示允许3.表示祝愿might过去式；语气更委婉2.may/might+have+p.p1.在否定、肯定句中表示对过去动作的推测“也许是……”2mighthavedone表示虚拟，表“劝告、责备之意。”Eg.1.Shemaybestillwaitingforus.2.MayIcomein?3.Mayyouhaveahappyholiday.Eg.1.Hemighthavespokentoheryesterday.2.Youmighthavetoldmeearlier.51.must1.表示必须，而mustn’t表示“禁止、不准”Everybodymustobeytherules.Youmustn’ttalklikethat.2.表示肯定的猜测,但只用于肯定句Youmustbetiredafterthelongwalk.3.表示“偏要”，“偏偏”Thecarmustbreakdownjustwhenwewereabouttostartoff.2.must、haveto与havegotto1.must表示主观2.haveto表示客观需求3.havegotto多见于口语3.must+have+p.p对过去事情的肯定猜测。Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.61、Shall1、第一、三人称疑问句中,表示请求或征求对方意见。ShallIgetyouacupofcoffee?2、第二、三人称陈述句中,表示承诺,命令,威胁,强制等。Tellhimthatheshallhavethebooktomorrow.Nooneshallleaveherewithoutmypermission.2、should+have+p.poughtto表示本应该做而未做。should过去式语气更委婉Youshouldhavebeenherefiveminutesago.1.should意为“应该”，表义务，责任，也可表示劝告，建议Youshouldkeepyourpromise.2.should表示按常规、常理推测，意为“可能”或“应该”Theyshouldarrivebyoneo'clock.3.should还可表示“竟会，居然”，Whyshouldyoubesolate?7will/would1、表示意愿I’lltrymybesttoovercomethedifficulty.2、表示意图Whatwillyoudo?3、表示请求Willyouhelpmetoputthesebooksinorder?4、表示习惯动作Shewillsitforhourswithoutsayingaword.would与usedto1、Would后只能接表示动作的动词。Aftersuppershewouldsitdownbythefire,thinkingofheryoungandhappydays.2、usedto则还可以接表示状态的动词。Heusedtobeaworker.3、usedto强调今昔对比，过去的某种习惯，现在已经没有了81、情态动词用于否定、疑问句；条件从句，让步从句中。eg.1.Dareyougotherealone?2.Howdareyoudosuchfoolishthings?3.Iwon’tallowyoutoswimintheriver,evenifyoudaredoit.dare/dared2、做实意动词,在疑问和否定句中时，dare后的to可以省略，eg.Ihaveneverdaredtotellhimaboutit.Doyoudare(to)walkhomealoneatnight?9need1、情态动词用于否定句，疑问句。Youneedn'twaterthetomatoplantsnow.—NeedIgothererightnow?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.2、实意动词，后跟不定式。Youdon’tneedtodoityourself.Doesheneedtoknowit?4、need+not+have+p.p表示“本来不需要做而做了。Youneedn’thavetoldJohnaboutitbecauseIhavetoldhimalready.3、主语为动作承受者时，用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，或用不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.10oughtto1、oughtto表示责任和义务意为“应该”，语气比should强Weoughttohelpeachotherinourwork.2、其否定式为oughtnottoYououghtn’ttosmokehere.3、oughtto+have+p.p表示本来应该做而没有做到。Yououghtnottohavecutawaythetreesaroundtheoldbuilding.11三点说明1、情态动词+v表示对现在或将来动作的猜测。情态动词+have+p.p表示对过去动作的猜测。2、情态动词的过去式与原形相比，多点礼貌，少点冒昧，语气更为委婉。3、情态动词在一般疑问句中的回答：①Canyousing?②MayIcomein?③MustIhandinthebooknow?④NeedIfinishitnow?Yes,Ican.No,Ican’t.Yes,youmay.No,youmustn’t.Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t.12典型错误1.Hemustn’tbeintheclassroom.()Can’t2.Youmightleavethebagonthedesk.()mighthaveleft3.Youmusthaveseenthefilmlastweek,haven’tyou?()didn’tyou4.LiMingmusthavebeentoJapan,didn’the?()hasn’the13