2011年高三英语二轮总复习语法精品课件(205张)高中英语中名词一、名词的概述:名词是用来表示人、事物、地点、现象及其它抽象概念等名称的词。二、名词的分类:1.专有名词:指一个人或事物所特有的名称。如具体的人物、地点、国家的名称等,不能随意更改,其中实词的第一个字母必须大写。如:Asia,MrBrown,Chinese,Christmas,HarryPotter,Mum2.普通名词:指某类人或事物的名称或者指某种抽象概念。普通名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。三、名词的数:1.可数名词的数:(1)规则变化:desk–desks,glass—glasses,factory—factories,knife—knives(2)不规则变化:man–men,child–children,sheep—sheep(3)复合名词的数:father-in-law-(fathers-in-law)grown-up-(grown-ups)womandriver-(womendrivers)2.不可数名词的数:(1)数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词adropofwater,twocupsoftea(2)物质名词的复数表示类别或数量fish鱼–fishes多种鱼twocoffees两杯咖啡3.名词单、复数的特殊用法:(1)只用复数的名词:socks,scissors,trousersearnings,surroundings,greetingstears,wishes,thanks(2)只用复数的名词词组:taketurns,asfollows,inhighspirits(3)在短语中单、复数均可的名词:单、复数意义相同:makeaface/makefacesplayajoke/jokesonsomebodyhaveatalk/havetalkswithsomebody单、复数意义不同:haveawordwithsomebodyhavewordswithsomebody四、名词所有格概述:所有格表示所有关系,修饰另一名词,作定语。形式:由名词词尾加’s构成,多用来表示有生命的东西.如:Mike’spen,theboy’smother由介词of+名词构成,多用来表示无生命的东西.如:thenameofthebook名词所有格的几个要点:1.表示两者或两者以上共同所有,把’s加在最后的名词上。如:LucyandLily’sfriend露西和莉莉共同的朋友TomandJack’sroom汤姆和杰克合用的房间2.表示各自拥有某件东西时,每个名词都要用所有格形式。如:Lucy’sandLily’sfriends露西的朋友和莉莉的朋友Tom’sandJack’srooms汤姆的房间和杰克的房间3.名词有同位语时,把’s加在同位语的词尾。如:Haveyouseenmysister,Kate’sbicycle?IboughtthisbookatSmith,thebookseller’s.4.双重所有格(of+’s所有格)如:afriendofhermother’s他妈妈朋友中的一位afriendofhermother他妈妈的一位朋友apictureofhisbrother’s他弟弟照片中的一张,不一定是他本人apictureofhisbrother他弟弟本人的一张照片五、名词在句中的作用名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语/主语补足语、定语、状语、同位语和呼语等。1.作主语Thebagismine.2.作表语Thisisanapple.3.作宾语Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?4.作补语Wemadehimmonitorofourclass.5.作定语Wewillmeetattheschoolgate.6.作状语Thenewfilmwilllasttwohours.7.作同位语MrWang,ourheadmastergaveusatalkyesterday.8.作呼语Boysandgirls,lookattheblackboard.1)Wereachedthetopofthemountainaftertwohours’climbing,____andoutofbreath.A.TiringB.beingtiredC.tiredD.tobetired.2)Atseveno’clock,coffeewasmadeandthepotwashotonthebackofthestove,_____and______tomakedinner.Chotready1.形容词或词组可做状语使用,可放在句首,句中或句尾。考点重难点解读2.形容词的位置:“限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠”限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+描绘形容词+大小、长短、高低+形状+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料allhalfhisincomeTonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.A.littletwootherB.twolittleotherC.twootherlittleD.littleothertwoCthosethreebeautifullargesquareoldbrownwoodtables3.某些以a-开首的形容词例如:afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake,alive等只能作表语,不能作定语。这类形容词一般不用very修饰,如:muchafraid,fast/soundasleep,wideawakebewellworth4.形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀:一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“辅y”改i加,“le”结尾e改y。分别举例如下:quick—quickly,true—truly,happy—happily,possible—possibly.friendly,lively,lonely,likely,deadly,orderly,timely,daily,yearly,monthly,brotherly,motherly等。某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词:5.同根副词1)closeclosely2)freefreely3)hardhardly4)latelately5)mostmostly6)widewidely7)highhighly8)deepdeeply1).Itwasrainingheavily.LittleMaryfeltcold,soshestood______tohermother.A.closeB.closelyC.closedD.closing2).Wedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining________.A.hardB.hardlyC.stronglyD.heavyAA1)Lizziewas______toseeherfriendoffattheairport.A.alittlemorethansadB.morethanalittlesadC.sadmorethanalittleD.alittlemorethansadB6.倍数的考查1)Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.(height/length/width…)2)AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.3)Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.4)Thelengthoftheroadisfourtimeswhatitwasthreeyearsago.7.表示形容词比较级的句型:①用much,even,still,abit,alittle,agreatdeal,far,byfar等副词修饰形容词比较级;②“Themore...themore...”Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels.③比较级与否定连用表示最高级Icouldneverseeabetterhotel.1).Mary’sbiologyis____than______intheclass.A.alotofbetter;anyoneelse’sB.farbetter;anyone’selse’sC.muchbetter;anyoneelseD.alotbetter;anyoneelse’s2)Bobranthe100metersin9.91seconds,andIhavenotseen_________thisyear.(05浙江卷)A.thebestB.betterC.themostD.moreBD8.can’t/cannever…too/toomuch/enough句型表示“无论…都不过分;越…越好”他如此伟大,我们无论怎样赞扬都不过分。Heissuchagreatmanthatwecan’tpraisehimtoomuch.既然是好事,越早开始做越好。Sinceit’sagoodthing,wecan’tdoittoosoon.你做作业的时候,越仔细越好。Whileyouaredoingyourhomework,youcan’tbecarefulenough.1)—MustIturnoffthegasaftercooking?—Ofcourse.Youcanneverbe_____carefulwiththat.(05江西卷)A.enoughB.tooC.soD.very2)---Heis______abraveman.---Wecan’tadmirehiscourage______.A.actually;verymuchB.indeed;tooalotC.really;toomuchD.truly;abitBC代词考什么?考点1it,one,theone,that,those的考点考点2either,both,neither,any,all和none的考查考点3another,theother,others,theothers,的用法辨析考点4notalittle和notabit的考查。考点5简略答语中的替代考点6改错中代词的考查考点1it,one,theone,that,those的考点1.it指代前文出现过的某一名词,且就是同一东西。2.one也指代前面出现过的名词,但它只表示同类东西中泛指的一个(即除了这个以外还有其它的)。one=a/an+名词。Therewasonlyonecarpetleftinthatshopthatday,soIhadnochoicebuttobuy___.考点突破Itisaworldofmagicandwonders,____whereanythingcanhappen.itone4.that常用来指代前面出现过的不可数名词3.theone指代前面出现过的名词时,表示同类事物中特指的某一个。Idon’twantthistowel.Giveme_______ontheleft.Theweatherhereiscolderthan_____inShanghai.that也可指代可数名词,但that须带后置定语,且限制的范围内只可能有一个东西Themonitorofmycomputerisbetterthanthatofourmonitor’s.theonethat5.those指代可数名词复数,指一个范围内所有的人或物。Thematerialsofferedbythatconstructioncorporationareofhigherqualitythanthoseofferedbythissmallbuildingfirm.考点2:either,both,neither,any,all和none1.两个中任意一个用either;“两个都”用both;两个中任何一个“都不”,用neither。①—Thereiscoffeeandtea;youcanh