代词一、人称代词的用法人称代词在运用中应注意下面几个问题:1.在强调句中人称代词的使用应该根据人称代词具体作什么成分而定。ItwasIthatfirstarrivedattheairport.2.句子中没有谓语动词,也就是说谓语动词被省略时,人称代词要用宾格。—I’dliketogotoclimbthemountainthisweekend.—Me,too.3.当说话者不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时,可以用it来表示。It’salovelybaby.Isitaboyoragirl?二、物主代词的用法形容词性物主代词不与a,those,some,another,which等词同时修饰一个名词,但在双重所有格中可同时修饰一个名词,如:eachsisterofhis。三、反身代词的用法含有反身代词的动词短语:devoteoneselfto致力于dressoneself自己穿衣enjoyoneself过得快活feeloneself觉得正常四、指示代词的用法1.this,that的用法(1)在打电话时,this指自己,that指别人。(2)习惯用法:thatistosay也就是说。2.such,so,same的用法(1)such指如前所述的这样的人或事物。此时,如果遇到a/an,such必须放在其前;如果遇到no,two,several等词时,such必须置于其后。Tomissuchaniceperson.(2)so作指示代词时,代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情。—Haveyouphonedyourparents?—No,butI’lldososoon.(3)same①same必须与定冠词the连用,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语或定语。Thesamehappenedonce.②thesame后跟as用以引出所谈及的范围,as后可以是名词、代词,也可以是句子。Heisofthesameageasyou.五、不定代词的用法1.none,nobody/noone,nothing的用法区别(1)none既可指人,也可指物,且表数量概念,常回答howmany,howmuch引导的疑问句;nobody/noone只能指人,且表泛指概念,常回答who引导的疑问句;nothing只能指物,且表泛指概念,常回答what引导的疑问句。—Howmuchmoneydoyouhave?—None.(2)none后面可跟of短语,而nothing和nobody/noone却不能。Noneofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwaskeptasecret.2.one与it用于替代时的区别one用于指代与前面提到的相似的人或物;it用于指代前面所提到的同一件事或物。Yourhatisreallypretty.I’dliketobuyone.Yourskirtisbeautiful.Wheredidyoubuyit?六、几个特殊的短语(1)Whatfor?为何目的?为何理由?(=Why?)(2)Whatif...?要是……会怎样呢?(3)Whatabout/Howabout...?做……好吗?(用于征求意见),后面常接动名词。感悟高考1.WhenyouintroducemetoMr.Johnson,couldyoupleasesayforme?(2010·福建,22)A.everythingB.anythingC.somethingD.nothing解析句意为:当你把我介绍给约翰逊先生的时候,请为我说些好话好吗?something用于疑问句中表示请求、邀请、建议等。此处表示请求,故选C。A表示“一切事情”;B表示“任何事情”;D表示“没有事情”。C2.Ifourparentsdoeverythingforuschildren,wewon’tlearntodependon.(2010·上海,27)A.themselvesB.themC.usD.ourselves解析主句的主语为we,因此答案应为ourselves。dependononeself意为“自力更生”。D3.Youareateamstar!Workingwithisreallyyourcupoftea.(2010·安徽,21)A.bothB.eitherC.othersD.theother解析句意为:你是一个有团队精神的人,与别人合作对你来说太容易了。others其他人;theother两个中的另外一个;both两个都;either(两者之中)任一的。A、B、D三项均不符合句意。C4.Helpingothersisahabit,youcanlearnevenatanearlyage.(2010·山东,32)A.itB.thatC.whatD.one解析句意为:帮助别人是一种习惯,是一种你早早就可以学会的习惯。空格后的句子中learn为及物动词,缺宾语。若用it应放在learn后面作宾语,指代habit;若用that,应去掉逗号,that引导定语从句;what可引导名词性从句,放在此处则句子成分残缺;one用于此处作habit的同位语,其后为定语从句,引导词that在此已省略。D5.Neithersideispreparedtotalktounlesswecansmooththingsoverbetweenthem.(2010·全国Ⅱ,12)A.othersB.theotherC.anotherD.oneother解析句意为:除非我们能够清除他们之间的障碍,否则双方没有一方愿意同另一方谈话。由neither(两者之中没有一个)可知是“两者”,故选theother,表示两者中的另外一个。others泛指其他人;another另一,又一;oneother无此搭配。B领悟语法Ⅰ.选择合适的代词填空1.Thereare50studentsinourclass,twothirdsof(them/whom)havebeentoBeijing.2.Lowcarbonlifestyleisofgreatbenefittoimprovetheworldenvironment.(Something/Nothing)canbeenjoyedfromituntilyouhaveadeepunderstandingofit,however.3.—Thereisonly15minutesleftforwork.Whatshallwedo?—MyGod!Therearealwaysnotanytaxiswhenyouwant(it/one).whomNothingone4.Thosewhobringsunshineintothelivesofotherscannotkeep(one/it)fromthemselves.5.—Bobisn’tfeelingverywell.Hehascaughtacold.—Everybodyseemstohave(one/that)becauseofthesuddenchangeoftheweather.6.IfIcanhelp(that/it),Idon’tlikeworkinglateintothenight.itoneit7.OnsteppingintotheroomthismorningIwasastonishedtofindthefloorcoveredwith(something/what)lookedliketinyinsects.8.Thewholenationisingreathappiness,aswehaveworkedanotherwonder,(it/one)severalgenerationsofsportspeoplehavebeenworkingfor.whatoneⅡ.单项填空1.Theoldladyissaidtohavethreechildren,twoofstudyingabroad.A.whomB.themC.allD.who解析“twoofstudyingabroad”不是句子而是独立主格结构,故选B。B2.Sometimeshefoundveryhardtofallasleepatnight,sohewenttoseethedoctor.A.himB.thisC.thatD.it解析it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是tofallasleepatnight。D3.IfIcanhelp,IpreferlivinginHangzhoubecausetheweatherhereisbetterthanofZhengzhou.A.that;thatB.it;thatC.that;oneD.it;it解析it指代下文的内容;that指代上文中的不可数名词weather。B4.Whenyougooutingwithyoursisters,youmustseetothattheyaresafe.A.everythingB.thatC.itD.yourself解析it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是thattheyaresafe。seetoitthat意为“确保”。C5.Aloneinadesertedhouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefeltlonely.A.nothingbutB.anythingbutC.allbutD.everythingbut解析anythingbut意为“一点也不”;nothingbut意为“只是,仅仅”。B6.likesmoney,butmoneyisnot.A.Everyone;everythingB.Anyone;anythingC.Someone;nothingD.Nobody;everything解析not与everything构成部分否定。句意为:人人爱金钱,但金钱不是万能的。A7.Becausetheyhadn’tbookedaroominadvance,therewereleftwhentheyarrivedatthehotel.A.noneB.nooneC.nobodyD.nothing解析B、C只能指人;none意为“没什么”,有指代范围(本句中的范围是room);nothing没有指代范围,泛指“没有任何东西”。A8.SodifficultdidIfindtoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskmypartnerforhelp.A.myselfB.usC.itD.that解析it是形式宾语。C9.Jim’shousewasbrokeninto.valuablehasbeenleftinthehouse.A.AnythingB.EverythingC.NothingD.Something解析由上句的语境可知“什么贵重的物品也没留下”。C10.—Mum,haveyouseenmyUDisk?—youboughtlastSunday?I’mafraidIhaven’tseen.A.Theone;oneB.That;oneC.One;itD.Theone;it解析第一空后有一个定语从句,故该空应填theone表特指;第二空的it即指上句中的theone这一特定的东西。D返回