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Hamletisthefirstworkofliteraturetolooksquarelyatthestupidity,falsityandshamofeverydaylife,withoutlaughingandwithouteasyanswers.Inaworldwherethingsarenotastheyseem,Hamlet‘sgenuineness,thoughtfulness,andsinceritymakehimspecial.Hamletisnosaint.Butunlikemostoftheothercharacters(andmostpeopletoday),Hamletchoosesnottocompromisewithevil.Dying,HamletreaffirmsthetragicdignityofabasicallydecentpersoninabadworldHamletisthefirstworkofliteraturetoshowanordinarypersonlookingatthefutilityandwrongsinlife,askingthetoughestquestionsandcomingupwithhonestsemi-answerslikemostpeopledotoday.Unlikesomuchofpopularculturetoday,Hamletleavesuswiththemessagethatlifeisindeedworthliving,evenbyimperfectpeopleinanimperfectworld.犹豫scholarshavedebatedforcenturiesaboutHamlet'shesitationinkillinghisuncle.Someseeitasaplotdevicetoprolongtheaction,andothersseeitastheresultofpressureexertedbythecomplexphilosophicalandethicalissuesthatsurroundcold-bloodedmurder,calculatedrevengeandthwarteddesire.Morerecently,psychoanalyticcriticshaveexaminedHamlet'sunconsciousdesires(FreudconcludesthatHamlethasanOedipaldesireforhismotherandthesubsequentguilt[is]preventinghimfrommurderingtheman[Claudius]whohasdonewhatheunconsciouslywantedtodo.Analysisof“Tobe,ornottobe”ThemainideaThespeechconveysasenseofworld-wearinessaswellastheauthor’sincisivecommentsonthesocialrealityofhistime.Unliketheearliersingle-mindedavengers,Hamletlivesbetweenactionandresolution.Heissocontemplativethatheexaminesthenatureoftheactiononlytodenyitspossibility.Heconsidersitbetterforpeopletodie,butthensaysnobodyknowswhathappensintheafterlife.OneoftheclearestsummariesofthissoliloquywasprovidedbySchopenhauer:'Theessentialpurportoftheworld-famousmonologueinHamletis,incondensedform,thatourstateissowretchedthatcompletenon-existencewouldbedecidedlypreferabletoit.Nowifsuicideactuallyofferedusthis,sothatthealternativetobeornottobelaybeforeusinthefullsenseofthewords,itcouldbechosenunconditionallyasahighlydesirabletermination(aconsummationdevoutlytobewish'd[ActIII,Sc.I.]).Thereissomethinginus,however,whichtellsusthatthisisnotso,thatthisisnottheendofthings,thatdeathisnotanabsoluteannihilation.'.Sonnet18ThissonnetiscertainlythemostfamousinthesequenceofShakespeare'ssonnets;itmaybethemostfamouslyricpoeminEnglish.AmongShakespeare'sworks,onlylinessuchasTobeornottobeandRomeo,Romeo,whereforeartthouRomeo?arebetter-known.Thisisnottosaythatitisatallthebestormostinterestingormostbeautifulofthesonnets;butthesimplicityandlovelinessofitspraiseofthebelovedhasguaranteeditsplace.MetericalPatternababcdcdefefggThemeThemessageisthatinthisworldnobeauty(inNature)canstayexceptpoetryorart;andyourbeautycanonlylastifIwriteitdowninmypoetry.Alsonoticetheloveplay.Apparentlythepoetisaddressingamanofhisheart,thewooingsoundsmorelikeagameplaythananythingrealandsincere.Thelovehereistooconditionaltobegenuine.StructureProposal(line1-2)Argument(line3-12)Conclusion(line13-14)Sonnet29Sonnet29showsusthepoetathismostinsecureandtroubled.Hefeelshimselfunlucky,disgraced,andjealousofthosearoundhim.Whatiscausingthepoet'sanguishonecanonlyguess,butanexaminationofthecircumstancessurroundinghislifeatthetimehewrotesonnet29couldhelpustounderstandhisdepression.In1592,theLondontheatresclosedduetoasevereoutbreakoftheplague.AlthoughitispossiblethatShakespearetouredtheoutlyingareasofLondonwithactingcompanieslikePembroke'sMenorLordStrange'sMen,itseemsmorelikelythatheleftthetheatreentirelyduringthistime,possiblytoworkonhisnon-dramaticpoetry.TheclosingoftheplayhousesmadeithardforShakespeareandotheractorsofthedaytoearnaliving.Withplagueandpovertythreateninghislife,itisonlynaturalthathefeltindisgracewithfortune.Moreover,in1592therecameascathingattackonShakespearebydramatistRobertGreene,whowroteinadeathbeddiary:Thereisanupstartcrow,beautifiedwithourfeathers,thatwithhisTygersheartwraptinaPlayershidesupposesheisaswellabletobombastoutablankverseasthebestofyou;and,beinganabsoluteJohannesFactotum,isinhisownconceittheonlyShake-sceneinacountry.Shakespearewasdeeplydisturbedbythisassault,feelingdisgracedinmen'seyesaswellasfortune's.Thepoetissoforlornthateventhepassionforhisprofessionasanactorseemstohavedied(8).Butthesonnetendswithapositiveaffirmationthatallisnotlost--thatthepoet'sdearfriendcancompensateforthegriefhefeels.ParadiseLost—JohnMilton1.IntroductionLongepicin12booksWritteninblankverseBasedonGenesis《创世纪》intheOldTestamentDramatizestheBiblicalaccountofhumanity’sbanishment.2.Theme—Milton’saimedpurpose:“justifythewaysofGodtoman”（昭示天道对人的公正）—Realpurpose:challengetherestoredmonarch·God—tyrannical,representstheking·Satan—rebellingagainstmonarch·LovebetweenAdamandEve—humanpursuitforhappiness,thespiritofRenaissance3.Writingfeatures—Miltonstyle:Sonority洪亮,Eloquence雄辩,Majesty尊严,Grandeur壮美·Theblankverse·Longandinvolvedsentences—Latinatestyle·Inversion·AllusionWilliamBlakeTheLameThepoemiswritteninrhymingcoupletswithalternatingiambicandanapesticfeet.it’soneofthepoemsthatcollectedinSongsofInnocencewhichexpressthepoet’sdelightinlife,eveninthefaceofsorrowandsuffering.Thepoemisachildsong,i