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莎劇賞析之一：《馬克白》AppreciationofMacbeth董崇選中山醫大應用外語系教授懂更懂學習英文網站負責人網址：dgded.nchu.edu.twI.PrincipalCharacters:•Duncan:KingofScotland•Malcolm&Donalbain:Hissons•Macbeth&Banquo:Hisgenerals•Fleance:Banquo’sson•Macduff&Rosse,etc.:Noblemen•LadyMacbeth&LadyMacduff•ThreeWitches&aPorterII.TheStory:•第一幕：TheWitcheswaitfortheendofthebattle“lostandwon.”MacbethwinsvictoryoverNorwegianinvasion.DuncanorderstheexecutionofthethaneofCawdorandinvestsMacbethwiththattitle.Macbeth&BanquomeettheWitches,whohailMacbethasThaneofGlamis,ThaneofCawdor,and“Kinghereafter,”andsayBanquowillbegetkings.RosseandAngusbringtheking’sthanks.Duncanreceivesallofthem,namesMalcolmhisheir,andsaysheintendstovisitMacbethatInverness.LadyMacbethlearnsthenews,decidestokilltheking,andurgesMacbethtodothat.LadyMacbethplanstohavetheking’sguardsdrunk.II.TheStory:•第二幕：AtMacbeth’scastle,MacbethandBanquotalkovertheprophecies.AfterwardsMacbethimaginesadaggerleadinghimtotheking.LadyMacbetharrangeseverythingwellandthemurderisdone.Macbethreturnsandimaginesavoiceannouncinghehasmurderedsleep.LadyMacbethtakesthebloodydaggerstoincriminatethesleepinggrooms.ThedrunkenporteradmitsLenoxandMacduff.Macdufffindsthekingmurdered.Macbethkillsthetwogrooms.MalcolmandDonalbainslipaway,onetoEnglandandtheothertoIreland.Theyarerumoredtohavebeenthemurderers.MacbethisnamedKingandcrownedatScone.II.TheStory:•第三幕：BanquosuspectsMacbeth’sguilt.Macbethurgeshispresenceatabanquet.BanquoandFleancerideoutbeforethebanquet.MacbethpersuadestwomalcontentstokillBanquoandFleance.Banquoiskilled,butFleanceescapes.MacbethtoastshisguestsatthebanquetandseesBanquo’sbloodyghost.Macbeth’sstrangemannersmakeLadyMacbethdismisstheparty.ThenextdaytheygotoconsulttheWeirdSistersandHecate.Meanwhile,MacduffhasgonetoEnglandtoraiseanarmytounseatMacbeth.II.TheStory:•第四幕：Atthewitches’cavern,threeapparitionswarnMacbethtobewareMacduffbutassurehimthatnomanbornofwomancanharmhimandthathecannotbedefeateduntilBirnamWoodcomestoDunsinane.MacbeththendeterminestoslaughterMacduff’sfamily.LadyMacduffandhersonarewarnedtofly,butcannotescapeintime.InEngland,MacduffwinsMalcolm’strustandrevoltshavearisenagainstMacbeth’styrannicalrule.II.TheStory:•第五幕：LadyMacbethsuffersfromstrangenocturnalwalkingsandwashingsofherhands.ScottishrebelsagainstMacbethhaveapproachedBirnam.Malcolmorderseachsoldiertodisguisehimselfbehindabough.ThusBirnamwoodmovestoDunsinane.Macbethistoldhiswife’sdeathandthecomingoftheBirnamwood.Heresolvestodieinbattle.HekillsyoungSiwardandishimselfkilledbyMacduff,who,insteadofbeing“ofwomanborn,”wasprematurelyrippedfromhismother’swomb.III.SomeFamousLines:•1.“Fairisfoul,andfoulisfair.”--theWitches•2.“Andoftentimes,towinustoourharm,TheinstrumentsofDarknesstellustruths;Winuswithhonesttrifles,tobetrayusIndeepestconsequence.”--BanquoIII.SomeFamousLines:•3.“YetdoIfearthynature:Itistoofullofthemilkofhumankindness,Tocatchthenearestway.Thouwouldstbegreat;Arenotwithoutambition,butwithoutTheillness[which]shouldattendit.”--LadyMacbeth•4.“IhavenospurToprickthesidesofmyintent,butonlyVaultingambition,whichoverleapsitselfAndfallsontheother[sideofthesaddle].”--MacbethIII.SomeFamousLines:•5.“Lechery,Sir,itprovokes,andunprovokes:itprovokesthedesire,butittakesawaytheperformance.Therefore,muchdrinkmaybesaidtobeanequivocatorwithlechery:itmakeshim,anditmarshim....inconclusion,equivocateshiminasleep,and,givinghimthelie,leaveshim.”--thePorter•6.“There’sdaggersinmen’ssmiles:thenearinblood,Thenearerbloody.”--Donalbain•7.“Thingsbadbegunmakestrongthemselvesbyill.”--Macbeth•8.“Securityismortals’chiefestenemy.”--HecateIII.SomeFamousLines:•9.“Tomorrowandtomorrowandtomorrow,Creepsinthispettypacefromdaytoday,Tothelastsyllableofrecordedtime;AndallouryesterdayshavelightedfoolsThewaytodustydeath.Out,out,briefcandle!Life’sbutawalkingshadow;apoorplayer,Thatstrutsandfretshishouruponthestage,Andthenisheardnomore:itisataleToldbyanidiot,fullofsoundandfury,Signifyingnothing.”--MacbethIV.Discussion:•Whatisthethemeoftheplay?Aboutambitionorequivocation?Aboutsignificationorwhat?•WhatdotheThreeWitches(orWeirdSisters)standfor?•WhatsortofmanisMacbethandwhatsortofwomanisLadyMacbeth?