全新版大学英语综合教程3 Unit8

SupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingBeforeReadingUnit8CloningBR_mainWordWebWarm-upQuestionsTestYourKnowledgeonCloningListeningComprehensionBackgroundInformationSupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingBeforeReadingUnit8CloningBR_EnglishSong_mainBackgroundInformationHwangWoo-SukStemagenCloningDollyThePopeSupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingBeforeReadingUnit8CloningBR_SalesPromotion_mainWordWebWhatwordsorexpressionswilloccurtoyouwheneverwemention“cloning”?Writedownasmanywordsandphrasesaspossible.identicalunethicalembryoreplicatehorrifyingreproductivescientiststemcellriskDolly,thesheephumancloninggenedisputablecurediseaseorganscientificadvancesci-fifilmorganSupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingBeforeReadingUnit8CloningBR_IntroductoryRemarksWarm-upQuestions1.Whatiscloning?Aretheredifferenttypesofcloning?2.Howcancloningtechnologiesbeused?3.Whatanimalshavebeenclonedsofar,andforwhatpurpose?4.Canorgansbeclonedforuseintransplants?Ifso,giveexamples.5.Whataretherisksofcloning?6.Shouldhumansbecloned?SupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingBeforeReadingUnit8CloningBR_ListenandComplete1.Theconceptof“cloning”wasoriginallyasciencefictionidea.FCloningwasnotoriginallyasci-fiideaalthoughsci-fiwritershaveenjoyedplayingaboutwiththeconcept.Cloneshavealwaysoccurredinnature.()TestYourKnowledgeonCloning2.“Clone”comesfromtheancientGreekwordmeaning“trouble”.FTheword“clone”comesfromtheancientGreekwordmeaning“twig”i.e.,adivisionfromthemainbranch.()SupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingBeforeReadingUnit8CloningBR_SheWorksHardfortheMoney13.Onecellcouldtheoreticallylaunchathousandclones.TIttakesawholecelltostartaclone—butofcoursethere’remillionsofgeneticallyidenticalcellsinananimalorgan.()4.Dollythesheepwasgrowninatest-tube.FAlthoughthecloningprocesstakesplaceinlabconditions,theembryohastobetransferredintoasurrogatemothertodevelopintoawholeanimal.()SupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingBeforeReadingUnit8CloningBR_SheWorksHardfortheMoney25.Clonedanimalshavethesamepersonalityastheir“parent”.FClonedanimalsmayormaynothavethesamepersonalityastheirparent—personalityispartlydeterminedbytheenvironment.()SupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingBeforeReadingUnit8CloningBR_SheWorksHardfortheMoney36.Ifyouclonedyourself—theclonewouldbethesameageasyouare.FIfyouclonedyourself,theclonewouldbeginlikeanyotherbabyasasingle-celledorganismandtakeninemonthsbeforeitwasborn.()SupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingBeforeReadingUnit8CloningBR_SheWorksHardfortheMoney4ListeningComprehensionListentothepassageaboutanimalcloningandanswerthequestions.tadpole:蝌蚪somatic:身体的，体壁的embryonic:胚胎的strip:剥去gaur:野牛traumatic:创伤的1.Whenwasthefirstanimalcloned?In1952.SupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingBeforeReadingUnit8CloningBR_SheWorksHardfortheMoney52.HowwereclonescreatedbeforethecreationofDolly?Theywerecreatedfromembryoniccells.3.Whatisthetechnologyusedincloningtheanimals?Nucleartransfertechnology.4.Canallspeciesbecloned?Why?No.Becausesomespeciesmaybemoreresistanttosomaticcellnucleartransfer.SupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingBeforeReadingUnit8CloningScientistshavebeencloninganimalsformanyyears.In1952,thefirstanimal,atadpole,wascloned.BeforethecreationofDolly,thefirstmammalclonedfromthecellofanadultanimal,cloneswerecreatedfromembryoniccells.SinceDolly,researchershaveclonedanumberoflargeandsmallanimalsincludingsheep,goats,cows,mice,pigs,cats,rabbits,andagaur.Allthesecloneswerecreatedusingnucleartransfertechnology.Hundredsofclonedanimalsexisttoday,butthenumberofdifferentspeciesislimited.Attemptsatcloningcertainspecieshavebeenunsuccessful.SomespeciesBR_SheWorksHardfortheMoney6SupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingBeforeReadingUnit8CloningBR_SheWorksHardfortheMoney6speciesmaybemoreresistanttosomaticcellnucleartransferthanothers.Theprocessofstrippingthenucleusfromaneggcellandreplacingitwiththenucleusofadonorcellisatraumaticone,andimprovementsincloningtechnologiesmaybeneededbeforemanyspeciescanbeclonedsuccessfully.SupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingBeforeReadingUnit8CloningCloningdescribestheprocessesusedtocreateanexactgeneticreplicaofanothercell,tissueororganism.Thecopiedmaterial,whichhasthesamegeneticmakeupastheoriginal,isreferredtoasaclone.ThemostfamousclonewasaScottishsheepnamedDolly.BR_QuestionsandAnswers1CloningGenecloningReproductivecloningTherapeuticcloningTypesofCloningCreationItcreatescopiesofgenesorsegmentsofDNA.Itcreatescopiesofwholeanimals.Itcreatesembryonicstemcells.SupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingBeforeReadingUnit8CloningBR_QuestionsandAnswers2Suppleme