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Unit1PartIIReadingtaskComprehensionPossibleanswerstocontentquestions1.Itreferstotheraw,bitter,bleakRussianwinter.2.HeexpectedtheconquestofRussiainfiveweeks.3.Insteadoffighting,theyretreatedeastward,burningtheircropsandhomesastheywent.TheylettheRussianwinterfightthewarforthemwhiletheybidedtheirtime.4.NapoleondiscoveredthattheoccupationofthecitywasanemptyvictorybecausetheRussiansfledtheircapitalleavinghimalmostnothingatall.5.TheysufferedheavylossesasaresultoftheextremecoldandtheRussians'hit-and-runattacks.6.Napoleonabdicatedandwentintoexile.7.HitlerbeganhisinvasionoftheSovietUniononJune22,1941withoutadeclarationofwar.Heexpectedthecampaigntolastnolongerthanthreemonthsbyusingtheso-calledlightningwartactics.8.No,hewasn't.HeinstructedtheRussianpeopletoscorchtheearthinfrontoftheGermaninvaders.9.ThepeopleofLeningradrefusedtosurrenderandputupaheroic,stiffresistance.10.Anearly,severe,coldwinter,toalargeextent,sloweddowntheGermanadvanceonMoscow.11.ThelossofthebattleforStalingradturnedthetideagainstHitler.TheGermanvictorieswereover.12.Theauthorconcludesthattheelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.TextOrganization1.PartsParagraphsMainIdeasPartOneParas1-2Introduction—BothNapoleon'sandHitler'smilitarycampaignsfailedbecauseoftheseverityoftheRussianwinter.PartTwoParas3-11Napoleon'smilitarycampaignagainstRussiaPartThreeParas12-20Hitler'smilitarycampaignagainsttheSovietUnion.PartFourPara21Conclusion—Theelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.2.SectionsParagraphsMainIdeasSectionOneParas12-13Hitler'sblitzkriegagainstRussiaandStalin'sscorched-earthpolicy.SectionTwoParas14-18ThebattlesfoughtatLeningrad,MoscowandStalingrad.SectionThreeParas19-20TheRussiancounter-offensiveandtheoutcomeofthewar.LanguageSenseEnhancement1.1)thefierceresistance2)thelongmarch3)thedevastatingenemy4)bleak5)launched6)militarymight7)moweddown8)campaign9)apainfullesson10)theaidVocabularyI.1.1)alliance2)atthecostof3)stroke4)limp5)minus6)regions7)declarations8)siege9)raw10)bidehistime11)havetakentheirtoll12)inthecaseof2.1)isfacedwith2)getboggeddown3)ispressingon/pressedon4)dragon5)getby6)dineout7)havecutback8)getthrough3.1)Therapidadvanceingenetherapymayleadtotheconquestofcancerinthenearfuture.2)Productioninmanyfactorieshasbeenbroughttoahaltbythedelayedarrivalofrawmaterialsduetothedockworkers'strike.3)Sarahasmadeuphermindthatherleisureinterestswill/shouldnevergetinthewayofhercareer.4)Obviouslythereporter'squestioncaughttheforeignministeroffguard.5)Theintroductionoftheelectroniccalculatorhasrenderedtheslideruleoutofdate/obsolete.4.1)Beingfacedwithanenemyforcesmuchsuperiortoours,wehadtogiveuptheoccupationofbigcitiesandretreattotheruralandmountainousregionstobuildupourbase.2)Unityiscrucialtotheefficientoperationofanorganization.Failuretoreckonwiththisproblemwillweakenitsstrength.Inmanycases,workmaybebroughttoahaltbyconstantinternalstruggleinanorganization.3)TheRedArmyfoughtaheroicbattleatStalingradandwonthedecisivevictoryagainsttheGermans.Infact,thisbattleturnedthetideintheSecondWorldWar.Duringthisfamousbattle,theSoviettroopswithstoodtheGermansiegeandweakenedtheGermanarmybylaunchingaseriesofcounterattacks.II.1DuringtheFirstWorldWar,battlesoccurredhereandthereovervastareas.SomeofthemostdramaticfightingtookplaceinthegloomytrenchesofFranceandBelgium.2Elizabethmadecarefulpreparationsfortheinterviewandherefforts/homeworkpaidoff.3Ispenthourstryingtotalkhimintoacceptingthesettlement,butheturnedadeafeartoallmywords.4Pneumoniahadseverelyweakenedherbody,andIwonderedhowherfragilebodycouldwithstandtheharshweather.III.1fallill2laydeadathomefortwoweeks3droppeddeadfromaheartattack4fellasleep.5marryingyoung6tositstillforlongerthanafewminutesComprehensiveExercisesI.Cloze1．1)invasion2)standintheway3)Conquest4)catching(Stalin)offhisguard5)launching6)declaration7)campaign8)dragon9)reckonwith10)bringing(theGermanadvance)toahalt2．1)allow2)reckoned3)highly4)forecasts5)rapidly6)instant7)delivery8)advantage9)observing10)powerfulII.Translation1.1)Mr.Dohertyandhisfamilyarecurrentlyengagedingettingtheautumnharvestinonthefarm.2)Wemustnotunderestimatetheenemy.Theyareequippedwiththemostsophisticatedweapons.3)Havingbeenoutofajob/Nothavinghadajobfor3months,Philisgettingincreasinglydesperate.4)Sam,astheprojectmanager,isdecisive,efficient,andaccurateinhisjudgement.5)Sincethechemicalplantwasidentifiedasthesourceofpollution,thevillageneighborhoodcommitteedecidedtocloseitdownatthecostof100jobs.2.Theoffensivehadalreadylastedthreedays,butwehadnotgainedmuchground.Thedivisioncommanderinstructedourbattaliontogetaroundtotherearoftheenemyatnightandlaunchasurpriseattack.Todoso,however,wehadtocrossmarshlandandmanyofuswereafraidwemightgetboggeddowninthemud.Ourbattalioncommanderdecidedtotakeagamble.Luckyenough,thankstotheseverelycoldweatherwhichmadethemarchlandfreezeover,wearrivedatourdestinationbeforedawnandbeganattackingtheenemyfromtherear.Thisturnedthetideofthebattle.Theenemy,caughtoffguard,soonsurrendered.PartIIIHomeReadingTaskComprehensionCheck1.d2.d3.b4.a5.b6.dTranslation