【精品完整版】苯-氯苯精馏塔及预热器的工艺设计

山东理工大学毕业设计题目：苯-氯苯精馏塔及预热器的工艺设计学院：化学工程学院专业：化学工程与工艺学生姓名：许林鸿指导教师：陈磊毕业设计（论文）时间：2016年3月1日～5月30日共16周中文摘要--I摘要本设计完成了工艺计算和设备设计两方面的内容，设计思想依照所学课程《化工原理》[1]和《化工设备基础》[2]。工艺计算确定塔径，塔总高度。设备设计部分，确定换热器的选型，根据《化工设计》[3]确定工艺流程。设计内容可以概括如下：1.分析设计条件，确定设计方案；2.精馏塔的工艺计算；3.精馏塔及塔板的工艺尺寸计算；4.附属设备选型；5.塔的结构设计和强度校核；6.精馏塔装配图绘制；7.带控制点的工艺流程图设计。本设计没有特殊要求，故选用的是圆筒形裙座，直径为800mm。最后进行了筒体和封头的强度和稳定性计算，各人孔和接管的开孔补强计算，筒体的强度和稳定性以及水压试验的校核，通过校核，确定本设计的塔体壁厚、高度等在设计压力下均符合要求。本设计针对苯-氯苯的精馏问题进行分析、选取、计算、核算、绘图等，是较完整的精馏设计过程。通过对精馏塔的运算分析，可以得出精馏塔的工艺流程、生产操作条件及物性参数以及根据分离物性进行选材，以保证精馏过程的顺利进行并使效率尽可能的提高。此外对塔的附属设备分析、计算、物料衡算进行选型设计。使整个生产工艺过程做到经济、实用、效率高、产品精准的目的。关键词：氯苯；精馏；筛板塔英文摘要--IIAbstractThecompletedesignofthemaincontentandprocesscalculationequipmentdesigntwoaspects,designthemaincourseChemicalEngineeringPrincipleinaccordancewithwhattheyhavelearnedChemicalEquipmentBasiscalculatedanddeterminedtechnologytowerdiameter,totalheightofthetower.Equipmentdesignpart,determinetheselectionoftheheatexchanger,accordingtoChemicalEngineeringDesigndeterminationprocess.Themaindesigncanbesummarizedasfollows:1analysisanddesignconditionstodeterminethedesign;2fractionatorprocessofcalculation;calculationofrectificationcolumn3andtraygeometries;4ancillaryequipmentselection;5column.....structuraldesignandstrengthcheck;6fractionatorassemblydrawing;7flowchartdesignwithcontrolpoints.Becauseofthedesignarenospecialrequirements,sothechoiceiscylindricalskirtandadiameterof800mm.Finally,calculatethestrengthandstabilityofthecylinderandhead,eachholeandtooktheopeningreinforcementcalculation,checkthestrengthandstabilityofthecylinderandthehydrostatictest,bycheckingtodeterminethedesignofthetowerwallthickness,height,etc.areunderdesignpressuretomeettherequirements.Thedesignforbenzene-rectificationproblemchlorobenzeneanalysis,selection,calculation,accounting,graphicsandsoon,ismorecompleterectificationdesignprocess.Byfractionatoroperationanalysiscanbedrawnfromthedistillationcolumnprocesstoproduceoperatingconditionsandphysicalparametersaswellastheselectionwasbasedontheseparation,soastoensurethesmoothandefficientdistillationprocessasmuchaspossibletoimprove.Furtheranalysisofancillaryequipmenttower,calculation,massbalanceconductedselectionanddesign.Sothatthewholeproductionprocesstoachieveeconomic,practical,efficient,accurateproductpurpose.Keywords:chlorobenzene;distillation;sievecolumn目录--III目录摘要.......................................................................................................IAbstract（英文摘要）.......................................................................II目录......................................................................................................III第一章设计方案简介..........................................................................1引言.....................................................................................................................11.1塔板与设计方案简介...........................................................................11.1.1塔板性质..........................................................................................11.1.2设计方案的确定.............................................................................2第二章精馏塔的设计........................................................................32.1精馏塔的物料衡算...............................................................................32.1.1原料液及塔顶、塔釜产品的摩尔分率...................................32.1.2原料液、塔顶以及塔釜的平均摩尔质量.....................................32.1.3物料衡算、热量衡算........................................................................32.2塔板数的确定.........................................................................................32.2.1理论板数NT的求取.......................................................................32.2.2确定操作的回流比R......................................................................42.2.3实际板数的求取.............................................................................52.2.3.1求精馏塔的气液相负荷..............................................................52.2.3.2求操作线方程..............................................................................52.3精馏塔的工艺条件及有关物性数据的计算................................52.3.1操作压力的计算...........................................................................52.3.2操作温度的计算...........................................................................62.3.3平均摩尔质量的计算..................................................................62.3.4平均密度的计算...........................................................................72.3.4.1气相平均密度计算.....................................................................72.3.4.2液相平均密度计算....................................................................72.3.5液相平均表面张力的计算............................................................8目录--IV2.3.6液体平均粘度的计算.....................................................................82.4精馏塔的塔体工艺尺寸计算..........................................................92.4.1塔径的计算.......................................................................................92.4.2塔高的计算.................................................................................