Study-on-Planting-esign-ofyingfeng-lake-national-w

26JournalofLandscapeResearch2013,5(1–2):26–28StudyonPlantingDesignofYingfengLakeNationalWetlandParkofChongqingAbstractPlantfurnishingandlandscapeconstructioninwetlandparksshowparticularproperties.PlantresourcesinYingfengLakeNationalWetlandParkwereinvestigated,plantfurnishingpatternsandlandscapeconstructionindifferentsubareasoftheparkwereexploredandanalyzedtoprovideascientificandreasonablemodefortheplantcommunityconstructionandlandscapedesignofwetlandparksinChongqingCity.KeywordsWetlandpark,Plantfurnishing,Landscapeconstruction,ChongqingWetlandparkreferstothewetlandareaofaconsiderablesizeandscaledominatedbywetlandlandscapes,conservationofwetlandecosystem,displayofwetlandecosystemservicefunctions,sciencepopularizationandwetlandutilization.Ithasacertainculturaloraestheticvalue,adequateinfrastructureforscientificresearchandecotourism,andneedsparticularprotectionandmanagement[1].Itisdifferentfromnaturereserveandalsocommonurbanpark,butacompoundofwetlandandparkendowedwithwetlandlandscapesforprotectingspeciesandtheirhabitats,andcarryingoutecotourismandeco-educationactivities[2].Wetlandparknotonlyhavetoprotectintegralityofwetlandecosystem,maintainwetlandeco-processandeco-servicefunctions,butalsohaveornamentalfunctions.IthasbecomeanimportantmodefortheprotectionandreasonableutilizationofwetlandresourcesinChina,asignificantcomponentofwetlandprotectionandmanagementsystem,andaneffectiveapproachofachievingsustainablewetlandconservationanddevelopment[3].Plantsarethemostexpressiveandfunc-tionalelementsamongwetlandlandscapesinthewetlandpark.Accordingtotheirrequirementsonhumidity,plantcommunitiesinthewetlandparkfallinto3categories,namelywaterplantcommunity,wetlandplantcommunity,terrestrialplantcommunity,amongwhichwaterplantcommunityincludessubmergedplant,floatingplantandemergedplant.Wetlandplantsindicatethoseplantsadaptivetohumidenvironmentandcapableoflivingintheeco-environmentbetweenlandandwater.Waterplantcommunityandwetlandplantcommunityaremajorcomponentsofwetlandparklandscapes,andaccountfor80%–90%ofthetotalplantspecies.Inadditiontoconstructingwaterscapes,plantsinthewetlandparkaresignificantinconservingwaterresourcesandpurifyingwater[4].ChongqingYingfengLakeNationalWetlandParkwasapprovedbyStateForestryAdministrationin2009,analysisofplantconstructionintheparkprovidedreferencesforplantfurnishings,plantcommunityconstruction,wetlandlandscapedesignandconstructioninwetlandparksofChongqingCity.1GeneralsituationofthestudyareaLocatedintheeastofPushunTown,ZhexianCounty,ChongqingCity,YingfengLakeNationalWetlandParkcoversthegeographicalcoordinatesof107°37′Eand20°27′N,backsonJinhuaMountain,andenjoysconvenienttrafficconditionsbecauseitisonly8kmawayfromZhoujiaExitatHu–RongHighway(Shanghai–Chengdu).Planningareaofthewetlandparktotals254.8ha.,ofwhichreservoirscover55.39ha.,andnaturalwetlands28.17ha..Inthetransitionalregionbetweencentral-subtropicalzonetosouthern-subtropicalzone,YingfengLakeNationalWetlandParkenjoyswarmandhumidclimate,fertileland,whichpreparesfavorableconditionsfortheplantgrowth,thusthisregionisendowedwithrichplantresources.Thereare183vascularplantspeciesof88familiesinYingfengLakeNationalWetlandPark,accordingtostatistics,including82wetlandvascularplantspecieswhichaccountsfor53.99%ofthetotalvascularplantspeciesinthepark,5.51%ofthetotalwetlandvascularplantspeciesinChina(1,459species).Specifically,thereare9fernspeciesof8families,1gymnospermspecies,72angiospermspeciesof45familiesinwhichdominantfamiliesincludeGramineae,Eguminosae,RosaceaeandCompositae.Amongallwetlandplants,thereare2submergedplantspecies,namelyMyriophyllumverticillatumandGeratophyllumdemersumL.;1floatingplantspecies,LemmaminorLinn.;12emergedplantspecies,includingPhragmitescommunisTrin.,AcoruscalamusLinn.,ThaliadealbataFraseretal.;67wetlandplantspecies,includingThemedajaponica(Wild.)Tanaka,Capillipediumassimile(Steud.)A.Camus,ArundodonaxLinn.,Neosinocalamusaffinis(Rendle)Kengf.,SalixbabylonicaLinn.andetal..Submergedplants,floatingplants,emergedplantsandwetlandplantsaccountfor2.44%,1.22%,14.63%,81.71%ofthetotalwetlandplantspecies,respectively(Table1).Table1StatisticsofwetlandplantlifeforminYingfengLakeNationalWetlandParkLifeformNumberofspeciesPercentage//%Submergedplants22.44Floatingplants11.22Emergedplants1214.63Hydrophyteplants6781.71Total82100.002Wetlandplantfurnishingandland-scapeconstructionprinciple2.1Putting“ecological”onthetoppriorityInconstructionofplantcommunitiesforthewetlandpark,ecologicalbenefitsshouldbetakenasthemajorobjective,andecologicalfunctionsofthecommunitieshighlighted.Wetlandplantsshouldbedesignedstepbystepbyfollowingsuccessionlawsofwetlandecosystem,wetlandecosystemstructureandbiocoenosisconstructedaccordingtoecologicalnicheandbiodiversity.2.2AdaptationtolocalconditionsExceptsuchplacesasslopebanktobereformedaccordingtoactualconditions,allotherplacesshouldbedesignedwithproperwetlandplantsinthenear-natureways.2.3AdheringtobiodiversityOnthebasisofindigenousplantmaterials,JournalofLandscapeResearch27alienwetlandplantspeciesshouldbeintroducedcarefull