三年(2017-2019)年高考真题分项汇编专题09定语从句一、2019年高考真题1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】21.Wehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.A.whichB.whatC.whenD.that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们已经进入到了一个时代,在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为anage(一个时代),且先行词在从句中做时间状语,所以关系词用when。故选C。2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】11.Theirchildisatthestage__________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences是一个定语从句,先行词是thestage,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where,故选B。3.【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.【答案】OneafternoonwherewhenIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.【解析】考查定语从句。先行词oneafternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语,所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。4.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,___62___sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.【答案】where【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为thepetshop,在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语,故用which。5.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters___64___hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意:它们被他们的主人训练地很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters(主人),且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。6.【2019·新课标III卷·短文改错】Inthecafe,customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem.【答案】Inthecafe,customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatthat/whichiscreatedforthem.【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词environment在从句中做主语,指物,关系代词用that/which。故把what改为that/which。7.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth___58___givesofflightinthedark.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句,先行词是cloth,指物,从句中缺少主语,因此,可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。8.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan___8___theygo.【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。9.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose___9___aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife.【答案】who/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意:从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife.是定语从句,修饰先行词those,空格处在句中作主语,代指人,故填who或that。二、2018年高考真题1.【2018·北京】5.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_________helpsthemkeepfit.A.whichB.whoC.asD.that【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:她和家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于她们保持健康。“____helpsthemkeepfit”是非限制性定语从句,该从句修饰整个主句,引导词在从句中做主语,故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。点睛:非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分,也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致,即:第一、找准先行词;第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。2.【2018·天津】2.Kae,_________sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.A.whomB.thatC.whoseD.her【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意:凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候,我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子,句中先行词为Kate,在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语,故用关系代词whose。故选C。点睛:本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一,分析定语从句需抓住两点:1.找准先行词;2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点,再根据句意,从而能够判断出正确的关系词。3.【2018·江苏】23.Self-drivingisanarea_______Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意:自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area,在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where,相当于inwhich。故选B。点睛:本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一,分析定语从句需抓住两点:1.找准先行词。2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点,再根据句意,从而能够判断出正确的关系词。4.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses(cause).【答案】that或which【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处astudy是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。4.【2018·新课标I卷·短文改错】Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellingthefish.【答案】which改成inwhich或where【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘,里面养着鱼。此处asmallpond是先行词,其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用inwhich或where。5.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment_started_(start)asoil-testingprogram___69___givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.【答案】that或which【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知,该空缺少主语,指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。6.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Manywesterners57cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.【答案】that或who【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句,先行词是westerners指人,在定语从句中做主语,用关系代词who/that引导,故填who/that。三、2017年高考真题1.【2017·北京卷】31.Thelittleproblems______wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.A.thatB.asC.whereD.when【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。______wemeetinourdailylives是定语从句,从句缺少宾语,先行词是problems,用that。考点:考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的关系词分为关系代词(who,whom,whose,that,which,as等)和关系副词(when,where,why等)。1.关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语,定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。eg.Anarchitectisapersonwho/thatdesignshousesandbuildings.Thecitywhere/inwhichIwasbornisonthenewrailwayline.2.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系代词可省略(非限定性定语从句中不可省略)。e.g.Ifinditdifficulttocooperatewiththosewhoalwayssticktotheirownopinions.Ifinditdifficulttocooperatewiththeonewhoalwaysstickstohisownopinion.Thesuit(which/that)thetailormadeformedoesn’tfitme.3.非限定性定语从句中,关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that,关系副词why,不可用于非限定性定语从句。4.作介词宾语的关系代词在限制和非限制性定语从句中,关系代词作介词宾语,即介词+关系代词,whom用于指人,which用于指物,不能用that。e.g.Themanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisheadofourdepartment.Mrs.Nye,withwhomyoushookhandsjustnow,isheadofourdepartment.Theroominwhichmyfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.2.【2017