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001)TownandCountryLifeinEnglandThereisabigdifferencebetweentownlifeandcountrylifeinEngland.Inthecountry,everybodyknowseverybodyelse.Theyknowwhattimeyougetup,whattimeyougotobedandwhatyouhavefordinner.Ifyouwanthelp,youwillalwaysgetitandyouwillbegladtohelpothers.InalargetownlikeLondon,however,Itcansometimeshappenthatyouhaveneverseenyournextdoorneighborandyoudonotknowhisnameoranythingabouthim.PeopleinLondonareoftenverylonely.Thisisbecausepeoplegotodifferentplacesintheeveningsandatweekends.IfyouwalkthroughthestreetsinthecentreofLondononSunday,itislikeatownwithoutpeople.Oneissorryforoldpeoplelivingontheirown.Theycoulddieintheirhomesandwouldnotbediscoveredforweeksorevenmonths.(154words)UsefulWordsandExpressions:nextdoorn．隔壁lonelyadj．孤独的，寂寞的；偏僻的，人迹罕至的theneighborsnexdoor隔壁邻居lonelylife孤单的生活；alonelyoldman一位孤独的老人002)AChangeinWomen’sLifeTheimportantchangeinwomen'slife-patternhasonlyrecentlybeguntohaveitsfulleffectonwomen’seconomicposition.Evenafewyearsagomostgirlsleftschoolatthefirstopportunity,andmostofthemtookafull-timejob.However,whentheymarried,theyusuallyleftworkatonceandneverreturnedtoit.Todaytheschool-leavingageissixteen,manygirlsstayatschoolafterthatage,andthoughwomentendtomarryyounger,moremarriedwomenstayatworkatleastuntilshortlybeforetheirfirstchildisborn.Verymanymoreafterwardsreturntofull-timeorpart-timework.Suchchangeshaveledtoanewrelationshipinmarriage,withthehusbandacceptingagreatershareofthedutiesandsatisfactionsoffamilylifeandwithbothhusbandandwifesharingmoreequallyinprovidingthemoney,andrunningthehome,accordingtotheabilitiesandinterestsofeachofthem.(154words)UsefulWordsandExpressions:life-pattern生活方式effect[i'fekt]n.结果，效果，作用，影响Theoldsystemisstillineffect.旧制度仍然有效。Heis,ineffect,myrival.实际上他是我的竞争对手。Themedicinequicklytookeffect.药物很快见效了。sharethejoysandhardships同甘共苦003）APopularPastimeoftheEnglishPeopleOneofthebestmeansofunderstandingthepeopleofanynationiswatchingwhattheydowiththeirnon-workingtime.MostEnglishmen,womenandchildrenlovegrowingthings,especiallyflowers.VisitorstoEnglandinspring,summer,orautumnarelikelytoseegardensallthewayalongtherailwaylines.Thereareflowersattheairportsandflowersinfactorygrounds,aswellasingardensalongtheroads.EachEnglishtownhasatleastoneparkwithbeautifullykeptflowerbeds.Publicbuildingsofeverykindhavebrilliantwindowboxesandsometimesbasketsofflowersarehangingonthem.ButwhattheEnglishenjoymostisgrowingthingsthemselves,Ifitisimpossibletohaveagarden,thenawindowboxorsomethinggrowinginapotwilldo.Lookingateachother'sgardensisapopularpastimewiththeEnglish.(144words)UsefulWordsandExpressions:meansn．方法；方式；手段ameanstoanend达到目的的方法bynomeans决不，一点也不byallmeans务必；无论如何；千方百计地byfairmeansorfoul不择手bymeansof通过；用；借助于potn．罐，壶windboxn．窗台上的花盆箱，窗槛花箱pastimen．消遣，娱乐004）BritishandAmericanPoliceOfficersRealpolicemen,bothinBritainandtheU.S.,hardlyrecognizeanycommonpointsbetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV---iftheyevergethomeintime.Somethingsarealmostthesame,ofcourse,butthepolicemendonotthinkmuchofthem.Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman'sreallifedealswiththelaw.Mostofwhathelearnsisthelaw.Hehastoknowactuallywhatactionsareagainstthelawandwhatfactscanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasalawyer,andwhat'smore,hehastoputitintopracticeonhisfeet,inthedarkand,runningdownanarrowstreetaftersomeonehewantstotalkto.Littleofhistimeisspentintalkingwithbeautifulgirlsorinbravelyfacingcruelcriminals.Hewillspendmostofhisworkinglifearrangingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,ordinarypeoplewhoareguilty—ornotofstupid,unimportantcrimes.(177words)UsefulWordsandExpressions:thinkmuchof重视，尊重incourt在法庭gultylook内疚的神色theguiltyparty犯罪一方005）LivingSpaceHowmuchlivingspacedoesapersonneed?Whathappenswhenhisspaceneedsarenotmet?Scientistsaredoingexperimentsonratstotrytodeterminetheeffectsofovercrowdedconditionsonman.Recentstudieshaveshownthatthebehaviourofratsisgreatlyaffectedbyspace.Ifratshaveenoughlivingspace,theyeatwell,sleepwellandproducetheiryoungwell.Butiftheirlivingconditionsbecometoocrowded,theirbehaviourandeventheirhealthchangeobviously.Theycannotsleepandeatwell,andsignsoffearandworrybecomeclear.Themorecrowdedtheyare,themoretheytendtobiteeachotherandevenkilleachother.Thus,forrats,populationandviolencearedirectlyrelated.Isthisanaturallawforhumansocietyaswell?Isenoughspacenotonlysatisfactory,butnecessaryforhumansurvival?Theseareinterestingquestions.(147words)006）TheUnitedNationsIn1945,representativesof50nationsmettoplanthisorganization.ItwascalledtheUnitedNations.Afterthewar,manymorenationsjoined.TherearetwomajorpartsoftheUnitedNations.OneiscalledtheGeneralAssembly,mtheGeneralAssembly,everymembernationisrepresentedandhasanequalvote.ThesecondpartiscalledtheSecurityCouncil.Ithasrepresentativesofjust15nations.Fivenationsarepermanentmembers:theUnitedStates,Russia,France,Britain,andChina,The10othermembersareelectedeverytwoyearsbytheGeneralAssembly.ThemajorjoboftheSecurityCouncilistokeeppeaceintheworld.Ifnecessary,itcansendtroopsfrommembernationstotrytostoplittlewarsbeforetheyturnintobigones.ItishardtogetthenationsoftheSecu