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第1页虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法。条件从句中谓语动词主句中谓语动词表示与现在事实相反did(be用were)would(should,could,might)+do表示与过去事实相反haddonewould(should,could,might)+havedone表示与将来的事实可能相反did/were或shoulddo或weretodowould(should,could,might)+do例如：1、Ifeveryoneinthecountryknewfirstaid,manyliveswouldbesaved.2、Ifthehurricanehadhappenedduringthedaytime,therewouldhavebeenmanymoredeaths.3、Iftheycametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.二、混合/错综虚拟条件句。从句的动作表示过去，主句表示现在。例如：Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor'sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.三、含蓄条件句。通过上下文或without,otherwise,butfor,but,evenif(=eventhough)等来表示虚拟条件。例如：Wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkwithoutyoutimelyhelp.Iatetoomuch;otherwiseIwouldhavelostweight.Iwouldhavelostweight,butIatetoomuch.四、倒装虚拟条件句。如果if条件中含有were,should或had,那么，可以把if省去，而把were,should或had提到主语的前面。例如：Hadheinvitedus,wewouldhavegonetotheparty.Shoulditraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.WereIinyourposition,Iwouldgototheparty.五、虚拟语气用在动词wish后的宾语从句中。（=ifonly）要是……该多好啊！；但愿……Iwishwecouldgoswimming(表示将来,用“would/coulddo”。)Iwishtheweatherwerebetter.(表示现在，用过去式（be用were）。)IwishthatIhadknowntheanswerthen.（对过去的事情表示遗憾，用“haddone”）六、在表示命令、请求、建议的动词如order,suggest,advise,command,demand,request,require,insist,desire,propose等后的宾语从句中以及由上述动词变来的名词之后的表语从句、同位语从句和过去分词所构成的“Itis+过去分词+that从句”结构中，谓语动词都用“(should)do”。例如：TheydemandedthatBobgothereatonce.Whatisneededisachangeinlandownership,andithasbeensuggestedthatthelandshouldbesharedequallyamongthepeasants.七、虚拟语气用在asif(=asthough)引导的表语从句或状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在事实相反；用“haddone”表示与过去事实相反；用“woulddo”表示与将来的事实可能相反。例如：Doesitseemasifhepretendedtobepoor?HelookedatmeasifIweremad但是，asif引导的从句中，如果表示真实的情况，则用陈述语气。例如：Itlooksasifitispuregold.八、用在“Itis(high/about)time+that从句”(正是做……的时候)及“Wouldyoumindif+从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词一般用过去式。例如：It'stimeIwentandpickedupmylittlegirlfromschool.WouldyoumindifIsmokedintheofficenextdoor?九、wouldrather后跟从句时，从句中的谓语动词用did表示现在或将来；用“haddone”表示过去。例如：I'dratherhecamebacknow.I’dratheryouhadn’tcomeyesterday.十、在“Itis+strange(important,natural,necessary,etc.)+that从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词用“shoulddo”。例如：Itisstrangethatheshouldsaythat.ItisimportantthatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.1.Shecouldn’thaveansweredthequestionifshe__________afewbooksonworldhistory.A.hadn’treadB.haven’treadC.wouldn’treadD.didn’tread1.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI___________thesportsmeet.A.wouldtakepartinB.hadtakenpartinC.tookpartinD.wouldhavetakenpartin2.Thechildtalkstousasifhe__________agrown-up.A.isB.willbeC.hadbeenD.were3.__________theclouds,youwouldfindtheplaneintheskyeasily.A.WereitnotforB.Ifithadn’tbeenforC.IfitwerenotD.Haditnotbeenfor4.IfIhadknownthat,I___________so.A.wouldn’tdoB.won’tdoC.didn’tdoD.wouldn’thavedone5.ButfortheParty,he___________ofhunger30yearsago.A.wouldhavediedB.musthavediedC.woulddieD.died6.Withoutyourhelp,I__________theexamlastterm.A.wouldhavepassedB.wouldn’tpassC.wouldhavefailedD.failedin7.Ifit__________sohard,we’dgototown.A.isn’trainingB.weren’trainingC.doesn’trainD.isn’tgoingtorain8.He_________youifyou__________toseehimthisafternoon.A.mighttell,weregoingB.fold,weregoingC.mighthavetold,hadgoneD.shouldtell,went9.Ourformermathematicsteacherdiedofcancerlastterm,otherwisehe___________.A.willstillworkB.shouldstillworkC.wouldstillhaveworkedD.wouldstillbeworking10.Whatwouldyoudoifthewar___________.A.isbrokenoutB.willbreakoutC.weretobreakoutD.wouldbreakout11.Thesoldierdiedinthehospital.He__________ifthedoctor____________onhimtwohoursearlier.A.mightbesaved,operatedB.couldbesaved,hadoperatedC.couldhavebeensaved,hadoperatedD.hadbeensaved,wasoperated13._______you________lastWednesday,youmightknowitwell.A.Did,comeB.Had,comeC.If,cameD.Were,tocome14.___________hewouldhavesucceededintheexaminations.A.HadheworkedhardB.IfheworkedhardC.IfheworkshardD.Ifhehasworkedhard15.___________wewouldstillbeleadingahardlife.A.HadChinabeenliberatedB.HadChinanotbeenliberatedC.IfChinahadn’tliberatedD.HadnotChinabeenliberated状语从句1．时间状语从句when,while,as,after,before,since,assoonas,themoment/minute,immediately,nosooner...than,hardly...when,scarcely...before/when,eachtime,everytime,till,until,bythetime,whenever,(1)时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来，现在完成时表示将来完成时Iwilldiscussthiswithyouwhenwemeet.(2)when,while,as都可以表示“当......的时候”when引导的从句中的动作可以是和主句中的动作同时发生，也可以是先后发生Whatdoweusewhenwewriteonablackboard?Whenhegottothedoor,hetookouthiskey.(3)as强调主句和从句的动作同时发生“一边…一边”Theyshoutedastheyran.(4)while只指时间段，不指时间点，从句动词只限于持续性动词Don’tspeaksoloudwhileheissleeping.注意：1.when从句与主句动作先后发生时，不能与while,as互换Whenhehasfinishedhiswork,hetalesashortrest.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadybegun.2.when从句动词为即时性动词时不能用while替换。第2页Whenhecameyesterday,wewereplayingbasketball.说明：此时，when也不能用as替换，因为as从句为延续性动词时，主句通常也必须是延续性动词。注意：when和while还可以作并列连词用when表示正在这时beabouttodosth….when/bedoingsth….when/haddone….whenwhile表示“而，却”表示对比Ilikeswimmingwhilehelikesskating.While表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句WhileIacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.(3)before与after后面主语和系动词不可省略。Hewenthomeafterhewasexamined.不可变成：Hewenthomeafterexamined.(4)表示“一…就…”assoonas,,themoment/minute,immediately(5)刚…就…nosooner…than/hardly…when…主句用过去完成时，从句用过去时Nosoonerhadhearrivedhomethanhesentmealetter.Hardlyhadhearrivedwhen