情态动词+虚拟语气

情态动词+虚拟语气Eric情态动词情态动词是一类比较特殊的词汇，它本身没有固定的词义，需要和另外一个动词一起才能构成谓语，用来表示说话者的态度、语气等。除ought需要跟动词不定式外，其余情态动词后跟动词原形。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。可能性顺序：mustwill≥wouldoughtto≥shouldcancouldmay≥mightcan的用法1.表示能力（能做某事）Canyourideabicycle?Ican'tpromiseanything,butIwilldowhatIcan.beableto可以表示相同意思，并还可以明确表示未来时间，甚至用于完成时Ourbabywillbeabletowalkinafewweeks.Sincehisaccidenthehasnotbeenabletowalkproperly.情态动词2.客观可能性（可以，可能做某事）Icancallyoutomorrow.I'mafraidIcan'tgowithyou.3.有时会（不经常如此）Scotlandcanbeverycold.Itcanbequitewindyonthehill.4.可能，表示诧异，怀疑，不相信（多用于否定、疑问或感叹句）Thatcan'tbeMary-she'sinhospital.Canhestillbealiveafteralltheseyears.后面有时跟完成时和进行时Shecan'tbetellingthetruth.她讲的不可能是真话Hecan'thavetakenitupstairs.他不可能把它拿上楼了情态动词5.表示允许（和may的意思相近，口语can用的多）Youcanparkhere.Youcan'tsmokehere.could的用法1.作为can的过去式，表示过去的情况a.表示能力Icouldseeherthroughthewindow.也可用was/wereabletoHesaidhehadlosthispassportandhadn'tbeenabletoleavethecountry.b.表示可能性（比can的可能性小）IthoughtIcouldsmellsomethingburning.单击此处添加标题2.用来代替can，说明现在情况：a.婉转的提出请求、想法、建议等：Couldyousendmeanapplicationform?申请表Youcouldhaveanurseryhere.b.用于疑问及否定句，表示惊异，不相信Couldthisbetrue?这能是真的么？3.用于虚拟条件句Youcouldgetintouniversityifyouapplied.Ifyoutriedyoucoulddothatwork.4.could+完成时，用来表示过去的情况：a.表示“那时（不）可能”情态动词Don'tworry-theycouldhavejustforgottentophone.Shecouldnothavebeenmorethan6then.他那时不可能超过6岁。b.表示“本来可以”、“差点就”Hecouldhavesentamessage.本可以Icouldhavediedlaughing.我差点笑死啦c.提出委婉的批评Youcouldhavebeenmoreconsiderate.本可以考虑更周到Youcouldhavetoldmebeforehand.你本可以事先告诉我情态动词may的用法1.用来提出问题，询问可不可以：MayIuseyourphone?Imayleavenow,maynotI?我现在可以走了，对吧？2.用于陈述句，表示“可以”Youmaycomeifyouwish.如果你愿意，你可以来Youmaynottakephotographsinthemuseum.3.表示“可能”Hemayhavegoneabroad.Theymaybewaitingatthestation.情态动词4.表示祝愿Mayyouhappy!MayGodbewithyou.Longmayshelivetoenjoyhegoodfortune!祝她长寿好运。5.短语a.mayaswell不妨Youmayaswellbringmeachocolate.你不妨给我带一块巧克力b.may...but或许……但是Theymaybegoodreports,buttheyseemtolackfacts.报告或许不错，但似乎缺乏事实c.maywell...很可能……Hisappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyoumaywellnotrecognizehim.情态动词might的用法1.作为may的过去式a.表示“可以”Heaskedifhemightusethephone.是否可以用电话Ithoughtyoumightstaywithus.我想你可以住我们这b.表示“可能”（或许会）Hesaidhemightbelate.Iguessedhemightcometomorrow.2.代替may，比may更加委婉，谈及现在的情况：a.表示可以（用may时更多）MightIhavealittlebrandy?白兰地Youmightjustcallat(访问)thechemist(药店)onthewayhome.情态动词b.表示“可能、或许”Hemighttellhiswife.Shemightstillbewaitingthere.3.用于虚拟语气条件句Thepillsmighthavehelpedhim,ifhehadtakenthemregularly.Ifyouinvitedhim,hemightcome.Ifyoudidn'tmind,wemightgothere.4.表示轻微的埋怨或批评Honestly,youmighthavetoldme!说真的，你本可以告诉我Theymightatleasthavephonediftheyarenotcoming.要是不来了，至少打个电话啊情态动词5.用于mightaswell，表示“不妨……”Wemightaswellgotogether.Shallwewalk?-Wemightaswell.must用法1.表示“必须、一定、得……”（多指现在或将来情况）Theworkmustbefinishedbytheendoftheweek.IamafraidImustbegoing.否定形式表示“不得、一定不要”Youmustn'ttakephotographsinhere.Carsmustnotparkinfrontofthedoor.注：表示过去的情况可以换为hadto，虽然must也可表示过去情况情态动词2.表示推想，“一定、准是”Youmustbehungry.Imusthaveleftmychequebookashome.3.表示“应当”（和should、ought意思相近）Wemustthinkofthismatterveryseriously.ought用法ought总是和to连用，表示：1.应当，应该（意思接近should）Ioughttowritetohimtoday.OughtItowritetosaythankyou?情态动词注：后面的不定式可接完成时、进行时或被动2.表示揣测Sheoughttopasstheexam.应当能过Thewateroughttohaveboiledbynow.shall,will,should,would兼有助动词和情态动词作用will的用法1.用于将来时2.用于疑问句表示请求：Bringmethenewspaper,willyou?Won'tyoutakeoffyourcoat?情态动词3.其他意思a.愿意，肯Iwillhavenothingtodowiththismatter.我不愿和这事扯上关系b.决心，承诺Iwon'tletherdowninanyway.不会做对不起她的事c.习惯，倾向Thesethingswillhappen.这样的事总要发生d.命令，叮嘱Youwillstayheretillyouarerelieved.放你走你才能走e.表示猜测Thatwillbethepostmanatthedoor.门口想必是邮差情态动词would的用法1.作助动词的用法a.用来构成过去将来时态b.用来婉转的提出请求、问题、看法：Wouldyouhelpus?Let'sfixaday.WouldSaturdaynightsuityou?2.用于虚拟语气3.用于过去情况，表示“愿意、肯、会”（will的过去式）4.过去的习惯动作和倾向（will的过去式）5.表示猜测Iwouldsaysheisabout40.我猜她40岁。情态动词6.一些固定结构wouldlike=wouldlove想wouldhatetodo不愿意wouldprefertodo愿意wouldratherdo愿wouldsoonerdo宁愿shall的用法1.作助动词用法：主要用于第一人称，构成疑问句征求对方意见：、ShallIturnonthelight?要不要我把灯打开Whatshallwedothisevening?2.shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkhard.(警告)HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(允诺)Heshallbepunished.(威胁)情态动词should的用法1.情态动词--表示“应该”（接近oughtto），后可接完成时Youshouldtrythatnewrestaurant.Youshouldnothavetrustedhimsoreadily.你不应轻易相信他2.委婉语气Ishouldbegratefulforyourhelp.Ishouldliketophonemylawyer.3.“竟然”Ifinditquiteastonishingthatheshouldbesorudetoyou..我惊讶他竟然对你如此无礼4.虚拟语气5.表示猜测情态动词need的用法1.情态动词用法a.用于否定句中，表示“不必”：Youneedn'tmake2copies.b.用在带有否定意思的句中Nobodyneedbeafraidofcatchingthedisease.Idon'tthinkyouneedtakeittooseriously.c.构成疑问句NeedItellTom?Whyneeyougotoday?你为什么今天就得走情态动词2.作及物动词，表示“需要”，后跟：a.名词或代词Alllivingthingsneedwaterb.不定式Ineedtogetsomesleep.c.动名词Hishairneededcutting.d.复核宾语Ineedmycoatmended.情态动词dare的用法1.做情态动词用法：dare表示“敢”，这时没有人称形式变化，但是有过去式dared。主要用于：a.否定句（有时借助助动词，不定式可带to也可不带）Idaren'taskhertomarryme.我不敢求她嫁给我Hedoesn'tdare(t0)sayanything.她什么都不敢说Theydidn'tdare(to)disobey.他们不敢不服从也可用在带有否定意思的句子中：no,hardly,never,seldom...Noonedaredspeakofit.没人敢提及此事b.疑问句或条件句Dareyouinterrupthim?你敢打断他么Jumpifyoudare.Howdareyouspeaktomelikethat!你怎么敢对我这样讲话Ifyoudarespeaktomelikethatagain,youwillbesorry.你会后悔的情态动词c.用于Idaresay...,don'tyoudare(你敢！)引导的句子中Idaresayyouar