英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编24(总分:94.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、填空题(总题数:7,分数:14.00)1.Linguisticrelativitywasproposedby1and2.(清华2001研)(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________(正确答案:正确答案:Sapir)填空项1:__________________(正确答案:Whorf)解析:解析:萨丕尔一沃尔夫假说认为,一方面,语言可以决定我们的思维方式;另一方面,语言之间的相似性是相对的,结构性差异越大,反映出对于世界认识的越不同。因此,这个假说也被称作“语言决定论”和“语言相对主义”。2.Psycholinguisticsisabranchoflinguisticswhichisthestudyofpsychologicalaspectsoflanguage.Asaninterdisciplinaryacademicfield,itinvestigatesthefollowingmajorsubjects;1,2and3.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________(正确答案:正确答案:acquisition)填空项1:__________________(正确答案:comprehension)填空项1:__________________(正确答案:production)解析:解析:心理语言学作为语言学的一个分支,是从心理学的角度来研究语言,主要包括语言习得,语言理解和语言产生。3.A1languageisoriginallyapidginthathasbecomeestablishedasanativelanguageinsomespeechcommunity.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________(正确答案:正确答案:creole)解析:解析:当皮钦语得到发展不再是作为交易的语言,而成为一个社会群体的第一语言时,它就成为克里奥尔语。由皮钦语转变成为克里奥尔语的过程就称作克里奥尔语化。4.Alinguistic1referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythepolitesocietyfromgeneraluse.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________(正确答案:正确答案:taboo)解析:解析:禁忌语是由于宗教、政治或性别原因而避免使用的词汇,通常被委婉语所代替。5.Tabooand1aretwofacesofthesamecommunicationcoin.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________(正确答案:正确答案:euphemism)解析:解析:禁忌语是由于宗教、政治或性别原因而避免使用的词汇,通常被委婉语所代替。委婉语是用一词代替比较唐突的令人不快的另一词的表达方法。他们是同一交流过程的两个方面。6.Languageitselfisnotsexist,butitsusemayreflectthe1attitudeconnotedinthelanguagethatissexist.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________(正确答案:正确答案:social)解析:解析:语言本身是不存在性别歧视的,但当语言被不同的人使用时,则会反映出社会中存在的性别歧视现象。7.AsCarterandSimpson(1989)observedthatifthe1960swasadecadeofformalisminstylistics,the1970sadecadeoffunctionalism,andthe1980sadecadeof1stylistics.(中山大学2011年研)(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________(正确答案:正确答案:discourse)解析:解析:正如CarterandSimpson认为的那样,如果说20世纪60年代是形式主义文体学,70年代是功能主义文体学,那么80年代就是话语文体学。二、判断题(总题数:4,分数:8.00)8.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.(分数:2.00)A.真√B.假解析:解析:如果一个孩子失去了语言环境,他或她是不可能成功地学好一种语言的。9.Whenchildrenlearntodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthatarenotpartofthelanguage,theycanacquireanysoundsintheirnativelanguageoncetheirparentsteachthem.(分数:2.00)A.真B.假√解析:解析:不论孩子们生活在何种语言环境中,他们首先获得的是世上所有语言的普遍性知识,之后他们才会学习更为复杂的语言。10.Languagereflectssexisminsociety.Languageitselfisnotsexist,justasitisnotobscene;butitcanconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosorracism.(分数:2.00)A.真√B.假解析:解析:语言可以反应出社会的性别歧视现象,但语言本身并无性别歧视意义,语言可以表达出人们对性别的态度及对一些禁忌语和种族歧视的态度。11.AccordingtothestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,speaker'sperceptionsdeterminelanguageandpatterntheirwayoflife.(分数:2.00)A.真B.假√解析:解析:根据萨丕尔一沃尔夫假说的强势版本,语言决定了说话者的感知能力和生活模式,而非说话者的感知能力决定了语言和生活模式。三、单项选择题(总题数:4,分数:8.00)12.______isdefinedasaconsciousprocessofaccumulatingknowledgeofasecondlanguageusuallyobtainedinschoolsettings.(分数:2.00)A.CompetenceB.PerformanceC.Learning√D.Acquisition解析:解析:在学校里,通过有意识的学习而学到第二语言的的过程叫做学习,这不同于儿童不自觉地自然的言语习得过程。13.______arelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations.(分数:2.00)A.SlangB.AddresstermsC.Registers√D.Educationvarieties解析:解析:语域是特殊人群使用的言语变体,通常指具有相同职业或具有同样爱好的人。某一语域通常具有自己一些独特的词汇或使用词或短语的特殊方式,而使其与其他语域区分开来。14.______referstoamarginallanguageoffewlexicalitemsandstraightforwardgrammaticalrules,usedasamediumofcommunication.(分数:2.00)A.LinguafrancaB.CreoleC.Pidgin√D.Standardlanguage解析:解析:皮钦语不是任何人的母语,是在交往联系的情况下(例如交易)学习的语言变体。15.Insociolinguisticstudies,speakerareregardedasmembersofsocialgroups,thesocialgroupthatissingledoutforanyspecialstudyiscalled______.(分数:2.00)A.thespeechcommunity√B.thelinguisticgroupC.thelinguisticcommunityD.thespeechvarietygroup解析:解析:在社会语言学中,语言使用者都被看作是社会的成员。而具有相同的语言认同或至少共享一种语言变体的人群可称作语言社区。四、简答题(总题数:13,分数:26.00)16.Eskimoshavemanydifferentwordsfordifferenttypesofsnow,Aboriginesfordifferenttypesofsand,andinArabiconemustchoosefromawholerangeofwordswhicharesubsumedundertheWesterncategoryCAMEL.Canyouexplainthesephenomenawithyourlinguisticknowledge?(北航2008研)(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案:(正确答案:Thesephenomenacanbeexplainedfromthefollowingperspectives:(1)Thesephenomenashowarelationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety.Languagechangesfromregiontoregion,fromonesocialgrouptoanotherandfromindividualtoindividual.Thelivingenvironmentmakesgreatimpactonthechangesoflanguage.AsEskimoarealwayslivinginanenvironmentofasnowworld,theyhavemadeagoodcognitiontosnowandclassifieditindifferenttypes.Humanuselanguagetodescribetheworldtheyhavecognized.(2)ThesephenomenacanbeexplainedfromtheSapir-WhorfHypothesis.Thishypothesissuggeststhat:ourlanguagehelpsmouldourwayofthinkingand,consequently,differentlanguagesmayprobablyexpressspeaker'suniquewaysofunderstandingtheworld.SoEskimos'sdifferentwordsfordifferenttypesofsnowreflecttheirdifferentwaystounderstandsnow.)解析:17.Whatislinguisticdeterminism?(北航2008研)(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案:(正确答案:Linguisticdeterminism,isoneofthetwopointsofSapir-WhorfHypothesis,andhasdevelopedintothestrongversionofthishypothesis.Itcouldbesummarizedasfollows:(1)One'sthinkingiscomple